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Wrench

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A wrench is a very important tool for fixing things.

Gedore No. 7 combination wrenches 6–19 mm
Gedore No. 7 combination wrenches 6–19 mm

It helps people turn metal objects like nuts and bolts. These objects are often called rotary fasteners. A wrench works by providing grip and mechanical advantage. This advantage helps a person apply torque. Torque is the turning force used to rotate an object.

AdjustableWrenchWhiteBackground
AdjustableWrenchWhiteBackground

You can use a wrench to tighten a bolt or keep it from turning. Different people use different names for this tool. In North America, people usually call it a wrench. In the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand, it is called a spanner.

Kluc ockoplochy
Kluc ockoplochy

There are many ways a wrench can work. An open-end wrench has a U-shaped opening. This shape grips two opposite sides of a bolt. A ring spanner has a closed loop instead. This loop fits over the faces of a nut or bolt. Many ring spanners are 12-point. This means they have twelve points inside to grip the metal. This design helps the tool fit at many different angles.

Kluc vidlicovy uderovy
Kluc vidlicovy uderovy

A combination spanner is even more useful. It has an open end on one side and a ring end on the other. Some wrenches use a ratchet. A ratchet lets you turn a bolt without lifting the tool off. You just move the handle back and forth to keep turning.

People have used tools like this for a very long time. Historians have seen wrenches and similar tools in the 15th century. They were used for things like suits of armor and pipe clamps. The word "wrench" comes from Old English. It comes from a word that means a turning or twisting. The word "spanner" is a bit newer. It started being used in the 1630s. Back then, it was a tool used to wind the spring of a wheel-lock firearm.

Monogramist HLF Wheel-lock gun 13
Monogramist HLF Wheel-lock gun 13

This shows how tools change as technology changes.

There are many specific types of wrenches for different jobs. An adjustable wrench is very common today. It has jaws that can move to fit different sizes.

AdjustableWrenchWhiteBackground
AdjustableWrenchWhiteBackground

A famous version is the Crescent wrench. This name comes from the Crescent brand. Another type is the pipe wrench, sometimes called a Stillson wrench. It has hard, jagged jaws to grip soft iron pipes.

Rohrschluessel
Rohrschluessel

Some wrenches are even made to be hit with a hammer. These are called striking wrenches. They help people move very large or stuck fasteners. High-quality wrenches are often made of chromium-vanadium alloy steel. They are sometimes coated in chrome to stop rust.

Many of these tools are things you might see in a garage. You might see a socket wrench used on a car.

Socket wrench and sockets
Socket wrench and sockets

A socket is a metal cylinder that fits over a bolt. You can also find Allen wrenches in many kits. These are L-shaped tools that fit into hexagonal holes.

Allen wrench and screw (PSF)
Allen wrench and screw (PSF)

Even the way we talk can be shaped by these tools. In the United States, people sometimes say someone "threw a monkey wrench" into a plan. This is a way to describe an unexpected problem. It shows how even a simple tool can become part of our language.

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🖼️ Images & Media (52)
File:Gedore No. 7 combination wrenches 6–19 mm.jpg
Gedore No. 7 combination wrenches 6–19 mm.jpg
File:Monogramist HLF Wheel-lock gun 13.jpg
Monogramist HLF Wheel-lock gun 13.jpg
File:Clé plate.jpg
Clé plate.jpg
File:Kluc ockovy vysunuty.jpg
Kluc ockovy vysunuty.jpg
File:Kluc ockoplochy.jpg
Kluc ockoplochy.jpg
File:Bremsleitungsschluessel.JPG
Bremsleitungsschluessel.JPG
File:Point tailed ratchet spanner.jpg
Point tailed ratchet spanner.jpg
File:Craftsman Saltus wrenches.jpg
Craftsman Saltus wrenches.jpg
File:Spanner wrenches various kinds from Colvin and Stanley 1910 p64.png
Spanner wrenches various kinds from...
File:Kluc vidlicovy uderovy.jpg
Kluc vidlicovy uderovy.jpg
File:AdjustableWrenchWhiteBackground.jpg
AdjustableWrenchWhiteBackground.jpg
File:Self-adjusting wrench.jpg
Self-adjusting wrench.jpg

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