Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

World Rugby

sports Maturity 7-9 Next article →

World Rugby is the international governing body for the sport of rugby union.

World Rugby member unions and associates
World Rugby member unions and associates

Headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, it manages the rules and organizes major international competitions. Its most famous event is the Rugby World Cup, which occurs every four years. This tournament is the sport's most recognized and profitable competition. World Rugby also oversees other events like the World Rugby Sevens Series and the World Rugby Sevens. It also manages the World Under 20 Championship and the Pacific Nations Cup. The organization works to grow the game across the entire globe.

The organization operates through a structured membership system. As of June 2024, there are 113 member unions and 17 associate member unions. Every member country must belong to one of six regional unions. These regions are Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. These regional associations help develop both the fifteen-a-side game and rugby sevens.

Japan v Tonga at Kitakyushu
Japan v Tonga at Kitakyushu

Membership is a strict four-step process. First, a union becomes an associate member of its Regional Union. After one year, it can become a full member of that region. Following two years as a full regional member, it may apply to be an associate member of World Rugby. After two more years, it can apply for full membership. Associate members can join World Rugby tournaments but cannot play in the Rugby World Cup.

Governance is handled by the World Rugby Council, which meets twice a year. The Council is the supreme legislative authority for the sport. It manages the affairs of World Rugby and selects the host nations for the Rugby World Cup. It can also admit or expel member nations. Most decisions require a simple majority, but changing the Laws of the Game requires a three-quarters majority. The Council includes the six regional associations, which each receive two votes. Other unions hold either one or three votes depending on their status. The Executive Committee works alongside the Council to manage the daily operations and budget. It includes a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, nine elected officials, and the Chief Executive.

The history of the organization began with a conflict over rules. Until 1885, England made the laws for rugby football as the founder nation. However, a disputed try during an international match between Scotland and England in 1884 caused a major disagreement. Scotland refused to play England in the 1885 Home Nations Championship because of this dispute. In response, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales met in Dublin in 1886 to form an international union.

IRB Letter 1887
IRB Letter 1887

In 1887, members met in Manchester to write the first four principles of the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB). England initially refused to join because they wanted more representation. England finally joined the IRFB in 1890 and the first international laws were written that year.

A significant event known as the "Great Schism" occurred in 1893. This was a divide between amateurism and professionalism. In Northern England, working-class players began receiving "broken time" payments. These payments compensated players for wages lost while playing on Saturdays. The IRFB investigated these monetary incentives. This debate caused 22 leading clubs in Yorkshire and Lancashire to leave and form the Northern Rugby Football Union. Their rules eventually became known as rugby league football. Over time, the IRFB's structure changed. England's seats were reduced from six to four in 1911, and later to two in 1948 as other nations like Australia and New Zealand joined.

World Rugby uses its resources to support the growth of the sport globally. In 2013, the organization released £18.6 million over three years to develop rugby in several nations. These included Canada, the United States, Japan, Romania, Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga. This funding addressed the growing gap between "tier one" and "tier two" nations. The money supports infrastructure, high-performance units, and cross-border competitions. In 2006, the organization also identified Georgia, Portugal, Tunisia, and Russia as key investment nations. This investment is designed to make international rugby union more competitive across all levels.

Major tournaments continue to shape the sport's popularity and reach. The Rugby World Cup has been held every four years since 1987. While highly profitable, the viewership is often concentrated in specific areas. For the 2007 Rugby World Cup final, 97% of viewers came from the founding nations. These included England, France, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Only 3% of viewers came from all other countries. Despite this, the sport continues to expand. In 2009, the International Olympic Committee voted to include rugby sevens in the 2016 Summer Olympics. This move helped integrate the sport into the global Olympic movement.

769 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:IRB Letter 1887.jpg
IRB Letter 1887.jpg
File:World Rugby member unions and associates.svg
World Rugby member unions and associates.svg
File:Japan v Tonga at Kitakyushu.JPG
Japan v Tonga at Kitakyushu.JPG
More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.