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William L. Shirer

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William Lawrence Shirer was a prominent American journalist, war correspondent, and historian. A war correspondent is a reporter who travels to conflict zones to provide eyewitness accounts. Shirer is best known for his massive history of Nazi Germany, titled *The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich*. This work has been cited by scholars for over 60 years. Beyond his historical writing, he was a pioneer in broadcast journalism. He helped create new ways for news to reach people through the airwaves.

William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061
William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061

Shirer’s career was defined by his ability to report on major global shifts. He began working for the *Chicago Tribune* in 1925 after graduating from Coe College. Later, he joined the International News Service. His most significant role came when he was hired by Edward R. Murrow at CBS. Murrow led a group of talented journalists known as "Murrow's Boys." Shirer was the first of these men hired for the radio team. Together, they changed how the world received information.

William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061
William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061

One of Shirer’s greatest contributions was the invention of the news roundup. On March 13, 1938, Shirer and Murrow organized the first broadcast world news roundup. This was a 30-minute program that featured live reports from five different European capitals. These cities included Berlin, Vienna, Paris, Rome, and London. The team organized this massive feat in only eight hours using telephones. This format became the standard for news broadcasts on both radio and television. It eventually led to the *CBS World News Roundup*, which aired until March 2026.

William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061
William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061

Shirer’s reporting often placed him in the middle of dangerous political changes. In 1938, he was in Vienna during the *Anschluss*, which was the German annexation of Austria. Because German troops controlled the local radio station, he could not broadcast from there. He flew to London to provide the first uncensored eyewitness account of the event. During the start of World War II in 1939, he reported on the German invasion of Poland. He also covered the Munich Agreement and the occupation of Czechoslovakia. His work provided a direct link between European events and the American public.

William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061
William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061

In 1940, Shirer moved with German troops to report on the "Blitzkrieg," or lightning war. He traveled through Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A famous moment occurred in Compiègne, France, during the signing of the German armistice. Hitler had ordered foreign reporters to return to Berlin so the Nazis could control the news. Shirer avoided this by hitching a ride with a German officer. He managed to broadcast the news of the armistice live to New York. For six hours, his report was the only news the world had regarding the event.

William Shirer at Compiègne France 1940 06 22
William Shirer at Compiègne France 1940 06 22

Reporting under the Nazi regime was difficult due to strict censorship. The Nazi Propaganda Ministry, led by Joseph Goebbels, controlled access to broadcasting facilities. Reporters were often discouraged from using terms like "Nazi" or reporting on British air raids in Germany. Shirer had to use subtle methods to remain objective. Eventually, the pressure became too great. He learned that the Gestapo, the German secret police, was building an espionage case against him. To avoid the death penalty, Shirer left Germany in December 1940. He smuggled his personal diaries and notes out of the country.

William Shirer at Compiègne France 1940 06 22
William Shirer at Compiègne France 1940 06 22

Shirer used his smuggled notes to write *Berlin Diary*, published in 1941. This book provided a day-by-day account of life in Germany during the peace and early war years. He also wrote a three-volume autobiography called *20th Century Journey*, published between 1976 and 1990. His life was marked by significant personal and professional milestones. He was born in Chicago in 1904 and lived in Iowa after his father died. He married three times during his life and had two daughters. Shirer died in Lenox, Massachusetts, in 1993 at the age of 89.

William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061
William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061
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William Shirer at Compiègne France 1940 06 22.jpg
File:William L. Shirer at the Conference on Research on the Second World War. 64-NA-5061.jpg
William L. Shirer at the Conference on...
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