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William Hazlitt

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William Hazlitt was a versatile English essayist, philosopher, and critic.

William Hazlitt portrait
William Hazlitt portrait

He is widely considered one of the greatest masters of English prose style. Many scholars place him in the highest rank of English-language literary critics. Some historians compare his skill to that of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell. He was also known as a magnificent political journalist and a polemicist. A polemicist is someone who writes strong arguments against specific opinions. Hazlitt was the first great theater critic in the English language. He was also recognized as a premier art critic of his era.

Bust of William Hazlitt in Maidstone Museum
Bust of William Hazlitt in Maidstone Museum

Hazlitt's early life involved significant travel and religious influence. His father was a Unitarian minister who attended the University of Glasgow. The family lived in England and Ireland before moving to the United States. During this time, they lived a nomadic lifestyle. Hazlitt once noted that he still remembered the taste of barberries from North America.

WilliamHazlittHouse
WilliamHazlittHouse

In 1793, he attended the New Unitarian College at Hackney. This institution provided a very broad curriculum for its students. He studied the Greek and Latin classics, mathematics, history, and science. The school also emphasized religion and government. This education left a deep and lasting impression on his intellect.

The atmosphere at Hackney College shaped his political and social views. The faculty included influential thinkers like Joseph Priestley. Priestley was an impassioned commentator on the political issues of the day. These discussions often focused on the massive changes following the French Revolution. Hazlitt developed a strong belief in liberty and the rights of man. He viewed the human mind as an active force for good. He believed that spreading knowledge could help humanity improve. Even though he eventually lost his religious faith, he kept his respect for independent thought. He maintained a lifelong hatred of tyranny and persecution.

After leaving college, Hazlitt focused on becoming a serious philosopher. He spent much time in intensive study of various thinkers. He read English, Scottish, and Irish philosophers like John Locke and David Hume. He also studied French thinkers such as the Marquis de Condorcet. His primary interest was the philosophy of mind, which is now called psychology. He wanted to understand man as a social and political animal. In 1794, he met the reformist thinker William Godwin. While he did not always agree with Godwin, the encounter provided much intellectual food for thought.

In 1805, Hazlitt published a major work titled "An Essay on the Principles of Human Action." This book was the result of years of painstaking detail. His goal was to disprove the idea that humans are naturally selfish. Many philosophers of his time believed that all benevolent actions were just modified selfishness. Hazlitt argued instead for the "natural disinterestedness of the human mind." This meant he believed humans could act for others without seeking personal gain. He considered himself a philosopher until the very end of his life. This work was part of the "modern philosophy" tradition in England.

During his career, Hazlitt moved through many influential social circles. He befriended many people who are now part of the literary canon. These included writers like Charles and Mary Lamb.

Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt
Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt

He also knew famous poets such as William Wordsworth and John Keats. A key figure in his life was Joseph Fawcett. Fawcett was a retired clergyman and a prominent reformer. He encouraged Hazlitt to embrace good fiction and impassioned writing. Through Fawcett, Hazlitt explored literature ranging from John Milton to Laurence Sterne. This helped broaden his interests beyond pure philosophy.

Despite his massive historical importance, Hazlitt's current reputation has changed. Much of his work is currently out of print or unavailable. He is not typically studied in most university English courses today. In the 1950s and 1960s, his reputation had been steadily diminishing. However, he remains a vital figure for understanding the history of English criticism. He bridged the gap between philosophy and the appreciation of art. His ability to combine political passion with literary skill remains a significant achievement.

William Hazlitt memorial
William Hazlitt memorial

He remains a cornerstone of the English essay tradition.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:WilliamHazlittHouse.jpg
WilliamHazlittHouse.jpg
File:Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt.jpg
Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt.jpg
File:19 York Street, Westminster (1848).jpg
19 York Street, Westminster (1848).jpg
File:Roman road towards Middle Winterslow - geograph.org.uk - 970807.jpg
Roman road towards Middle Winterslow -...
File:William Hazlitt portrait.jpg
William Hazlitt portrait.jpg
File:William Hazlitt plaque.JPG
William Hazlitt plaque.JPG
File:William Hazlitt memorial.JPG
William Hazlitt memorial.JPG
File:Bust of William Hazlitt in Maidstone Museum.jpg
Bust of William Hazlitt in Maidstone Museum.jpg
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