Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Wilhelm Backhaus

arts Maturity 11-13 death dying war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying, war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Wilhelm Backhaus was a prominent German pianist and pedagogue, a teacher of piano.

WP Wilhelm Backhaus
WP Wilhelm Backhaus

He was celebrated for his interpretations of music by composers such as Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Chopin, and Brahms. Beyond solo performances, he was a highly admired chamber musician. This means he excelled at playing music in small, intimate groups with other instrumentalists. His career spanned many decades and helped uphold the classical German music tradition of the Leipzig Conservatory.

Backhaus began his musical journey in Leipzig, the son of a well-known architect. His mother, an amateur pianist, began teaching him the instrument when he was only four years old. His natural talent was soon recognized by Arthur Nikisch. Based on Nikisch's recommendation, Backhaus studied at the Leipzig Conservatory from 1891 to 1899. He later pursued private piano lessons with Eugen d'Albert in Frankfurt. As a young boy of nine or ten, he experienced a significant musical moment when d'Albert performed both of Brahms's piano concertos, conducted by Brahms himself.

His professional career moved with incredible speed and reached a global scale. He embarked on his first concert tour at the age of sixteen. By 1901, he was performing in Manchester, England, and soon after played at the Hallé Concerts. He also performed numerous concerts at the Queen's Hall in London. In 1904, he held the position of Professor of Piano at the Royal Manchester College of Music. His international reach was vast; in 1921, he performed seventeen concerts in Buenos Aires in less than three weeks. He made his United States debut on January 5, 1912, performing Beethoven's 5th Piano Concerto, known as the "Emperor," with the New York Symphony Orchestra and conductor Walter Damrosch.

Backhaus was a pioneer in the evolving field of music recording technology. In 1909, he made a drastically abridged recording of the first and third movements of the Grieg Piano Concerto. This was a historic milestone, as it was the first recording of any concerto. In 1928, he achieved another first by becoming the first pianist to record the complete Etudes of Frédéric Chopin. He also recorded various works for His Master's Voice, including Brahms's Waltzes, Op. 39, in 1936. Even in his seventies, his recordings of Beethoven sonatas and Brahms concertos displayed exceptional technical skill.

Despite his musical achievements, Backhaus's life was connected to the difficult political era of Nazi Germany. Although he and his wife had become Swiss citizens in 1930, he continued an active career in Germany. After the Nazis seized power, Backhaus met Adolf Hitler by May 1933. During that year, he served as an executive advisor to the Kameradschaft der deutschen Künstler, or Fellowship of German Artists. In 1936, he published a statement in the magazine Die Musikwoche expressing strong support for Hitler's love of German music. Later that year, he was granted a professorship and invited to the annual Nazi party's Nuremberg Rally.

His political associations led to controversial social interactions. In November 1938, the violinist Leila Doubleday Pirani observed an incident during a London concert. The Viennese Jewish violinist Alma Rosé attempted to greet Backhaus backstage. However, Backhaus reportedly turned his back and walked away from her. Pirani described this as a cowardly act driven by fear of Nazi authorities. Some historians, including Richard Newman, suggest his behavior might have been due to the presence of German agents operating in London at the time. While some claimed his move to Switzerland was an act of opposition to the regime, records show he moved there in 1930, years before the Nazis took power.

Backhaus was known for his extraordinary musical abilities, including phenomenal transposing powers. This is the ability to change the key of a piece of music on the fly. For example, when a piano was found to be a semitone too low during a rehearsal of a Grieg concerto, he simply played the piece in B-flat minor. Once the instrument was tuned, he returned to the original A minor for the concert. He remained dedicated to his craft until the very end. He died in Villach, Austria, in 1969, while he was traveling to perform in a concert. His final recital had been recorded just a few days earlier in Ossiach.

710 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (1)
File:WP Wilhelm Backhaus.jpg
WP Wilhelm Backhaus.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.