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Wenzhou

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Wenzhou is a major prefecture-level city located in Zhejiang, China.

Wenzhou
Wenzhou

It sits on the southeastern coast of the country. The city is positioned at the lower reaches and estuary of the Ou River. To the east, it meets the East China Sea.

China Eastern Airlines fly above Wenzhou City
China Eastern Airlines fly above Wenzhou City

The Zhejiang–Fujian Hills form a border to the west. Wenzhou is a vital economic junction. It connects the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone with the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone. This unique position makes it a central hub for regional trade and development.

The history of Wenzhou began at least 5,000 years ago during the Neolithic period.

Wenzhou Shuomen Ancient Port under excavation, 2023-07-20
Wenzhou Shuomen Ancient Port under excavation, 2023-07-20

Early human activity was shaped by the changing sea and nearby mountains. These prehistoric communities engaged in fishing, hunting, and gathering. They also practiced early forms of agriculture. Over time, different ancient cultures interacted in the region. This created the Haochuan culture, which eventually led to the rise of the Ou people. The Ou were part of the wider Yue people. They established a polity known as Dong’ou by the fourth century BC. This kingdom existed until the Han dynasty took control in 138 BC.

Administrative changes have shaped the identity of the region for centuries. The area was once known as Yongjia, meaning "long and beautiful waters."

White Deer Nunnery Well 03 2018-10
White Deer Nunnery Well 03 2018-10

In 323, the Jin dynasty created Yongjia Commandery. A scholar named Guo Pu designed the old walled city. He used feng shui principles to plan its layout. He modeled the city after the Northern Dipper constellation. Because of this, the city was also called Doucheng, or "Dipper City." In 675, the Tang dynasty established Wenzhou Prefecture. The name Wenzhou means "the warm prefecture." This name comes from the area's location west of Wenqiao Ridge. The climate there stays relatively warm even in the winter.

Migration and conflict have often changed the local population. During the 4th century, many people moved from northern China to the south.

Wenzhou, KH-7 spy satellite on 1965-05-03
Wenzhou, KH-7 spy satellite on 1965-05-03

This influx helped develop the coastal plains. It also shifted the economy from hunting to settled agriculture. However, the region also faced periods of severe upheaval. Various rebellions and wars caused significant population declines in later centuries. Despite these challenges, Wenzhou maintained a strong commercial identity. It grew into a significant maritime trading center during the Song and Yuan periods. It was even designated as a treaty port after the 1876 Chefoo Convention.

Wenzhou is famous for its specialized industries and craft traditions. It is a recognized origin of Chinese celadon, a type of green pottery.

唐瓯窑青釉褐彩草叶纹横柄瓷壶
唐瓯窑青釉褐彩草叶纹横柄瓷壶

You can see examples of this in ancient items, such as an ox-shaped lamp.

东晋瓯窑青瓷点彩牛形灯
东晋瓯窑青瓷点彩牛形灯

The city also became a leader in China's modern economy. After 1978, Wenzhou was among the first places to try market-oriented reforms. This led to the development of the "Wenzhou model" of economic growth. This model is closely tied to the city's long history of trade and business culture. In 1984, Wenzhou was named one of China's first 14 open coastal cities.

The city is also known for its massive global presence. Many Wenzhou people have migrated to other parts of China and overseas. Since the 1990s, this migration has created a vast international business network. By 2025, more than two million people of Wenzhou origin lived worldwide. This includes over 800,000 overseas Chinese living in more than 100 countries. These communities have formed over 200 chambers of commerce and 300 overseas associations.

ISS030-E-188039 - View of Earth
ISS030-E-188039 - View of Earth

This network helps maintain strong economic ties between Wenzhou and the rest of the world.

Religious traditions are a significant part of Wenzhou's social fabric. The city has the highest proportion of religious believers among Chinese cities. Buddhism is the predominant religion in the region. However, Wenzhou is also famous for its Christian population. In fact, it has more Christians than any other city in China. Because of this, some people refer to Wenzhou as "China's Jerusalem."

Temple on the rooftop of a commercial building in Lucheng, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
Temple on the rooftop of a commercial building in Lucheng, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

This religious diversity and the city's commercial spirit make Wenzhou a unique place in China.

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🖼️ Images & Media (61)
File:东瓯王庙2.jpg
东瓯王庙2.jpg
File:White_Deer_Nunnery_Well_03_2018-10.jpg
White_Deer_Nunnery_Well_03_2018-10.jpg
File:东晋瓯窑青瓷点彩牛形灯.jpg
东晋瓯窑青瓷点彩牛形灯.jpg
File:唐瓯窑青釉褐彩草叶纹横柄瓷壶.jpg
唐瓯窑青釉褐彩草叶纹横柄瓷壶.jpg
File:The_Gate_of_Ancient_Wenzhou_Government_Office_04_2018-10.jpg
The_Gate_of_Ancient_Wenzhou_Government_Off...
File:活字《佛说观无量寿佛经》残叶.jpg
活字《佛说观无量寿佛经》残叶.jpg
File:Wenzhou_Shuomen_Ancient_Port_under_excavation,_2023-07-20.jpg
Wenzhou_Shuomen_Ancient_Port_under_excavat...
File:蒲壮所古城迎阳楼_-_panoramio.jpg
蒲壮所古城迎阳楼_-_panoramio.jpg
File:Xianju_bridge.jpg
Xianju_bridge.jpg
File:永昌堡王氏宗祠1.jpg
永昌堡王氏宗祠1.jpg
File:Admiralty_Chart_No_1759_China_Sheet_VII_Eastern_Coast_From_The_Pih-Ki-Shan_to_the_Hie-Shan_Islands_._._._1843_(Taizhou_to_Wenzhou),_Published_1849.jpg
Admiralty_Chart_No_1759_China_Sheet_VII_Ea...
File:Longshan_Temple_in_Rui'an_08_2024-02.jpg
Longshan_Temple_in_Rui'an_08_2024-02.jpg

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