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Videotape

technology Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Videotape is a special kind of magnetic tape. It is used to store moving pictures and sound.

Assorted video tapes
Assorted video tapes

This information can be stored as an analog or digital signal. The tape might be on a large, open reel. It can also be tucked inside a plastic case called a cartridge or cassette.

2-inch Quad Tape Reel with miniDV cassette
2-inch Quad Tape Reel with miniDV cassette

People use machines like VCRs or camcorders to play these tapes. Videotape has even been used to save medical data, like an electrocardiogram.

Recording video is a big job because video signals have a very high bandwidth. This means they carry a huge amount of information. If the recording heads stayed still, the tape would have to move extremely fast. To solve this, most machines use a helical-scan video head. This head rotates against the moving tape to record data in two dimensions.

Video 8, VHS and MiniDV
Video 8, VHS and MiniDV

Because the tape is linear, you must wait for it to move to a certain spot. This can cause delays when you want to find a specific part of the video.

People have been working on this technology for a long time. The first demonstration happened in Los Angeles on November 11, 1951. It was shown by Bing Crosby Enterprises. Two men named John T. Mullin and Wayne R. Johnson developed it starting in 1950. The first images looked blurry and indistinct.

U-matic
U-matic

A year later, the images looked better but were still grainy. They looked a bit like worn-out movies. Later, RCA showed they could record both black-and-white and color television in 1953.

Many different systems were created to improve the quality. Ampex introduced a famous system called Quad on April 14, 1956. This system was the industry standard for about thirty years.

DV tape sizes 2
DV tape sizes 2

It could make excellent images, even if it could not freeze a picture. In 1976, a new format called Type C arrived. It allowed for things like slow-motion and still frames. In Europe, a similar version called Type B became very common in the 1980s. Sony also introduced the U-matic system in 1971 to help with professional video.

Videotape changed how we watch and save history. For example, the first time instant replay was used was during an Army-Navy Game in 1963. Many classic shows were recorded on these tapes. Some of these include the 1960 telecast of Peter Pan. You might also find old clips of the Nutcracker ballet from 1977. In the early 2000s, new tools like hard disks and flash memory became popular. Now, videotape is mostly used for archival work to keep old files safe for a long time.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Assorted video tapes.JPG
Assorted video tapes.JPG
File:2-inch Quad Tape Reel with miniDV cassette.jpg
2-inch Quad Tape Reel with miniDV cassette.jpg
File:U-matic.jpg
U-matic.jpg
File:Video 8, VHS and MiniDV.jpg
Video 8, VHS and MiniDV.jpg
File:DV tape sizes 2.jpg
DV tape sizes 2.jpg
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