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Veganism

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Veganism is the practice of abstaining from all animal products.

It is also a philosophy that rejects the status of animals as commodities. A person who follows this way of life is called a vegan. The term can also describe foods or materials that are compatible with this lifestyle. People may choose veganism for many reasons. Some follow a vegan diet for health or religious beliefs. Others do so to protect the environment.

Wynes Nicholas CO2 emissions savings
Wynes Nicholas CO2 emissions savings

Ethical veganism is a specific category of this movement. Ethical vegans avoid using animals for any purpose when it is possible. This includes food like meat, fish, eggs, honey, and dairy products. It also extends to clothing like leather, wool, and fur. Ethical vegans avoid animal use in entertainment, such as zoos or circuses. They also avoid services like animal testing or mounted police. Even some medicines and cosmetics are avoided by those practicing ethical veganism. They believe animals have feelings similar to our own.

Animal Abuse Battery Cage 02
Animal Abuse Battery Cage 02

There are other ways to categorize vegan practices. Environmental veganism focuses on the impact of industrial farming. This group avoids animal products because they believe animal farming is unsustainable. Dietary veganism, often called strict vegetarianism, focuses primarily on food. These practitioners refrain from consuming meat, eggs, and dairy. While these categories overlap, they represent different motivations. A 2021 study found that most vegans ranked diet-only definitions last. However, non-vegans often picked those definitions more frequently.

Vegan Plate
Vegan Plate

History shows that people have avoided animal products since ancient times. The Indus Valley civilization practiced forms of this between 3300 and 1300 BCE. Many Indian philosophers and emperors, such as Ashoka, were known for vegetarianism. The Arab poet al-Ma'arri was one of the earliest known vegans. In the 1600s, an Irish farmer named Robert Cook avoided wool and leather. He did this because of his Protestant interpretation of the Bible. In the 1800s, the movement grew in Britain and the United States. The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley advocated for a natural diet in 1813.

Gandhi LVS 1931
Gandhi LVS 1931

In the 19th century, new health ideas shaped the movement. Physician William Lambe argued that a vegetable diet could cure many ailments. In the 1830s, Sylvester Graham's meatless diet became popular in America. This diet consisted mostly of fruit, vegetables, and homemade bread. The first vegan cookbook was published in 1849 by Asenath Nicholson. In the early 20th century, Mahatma Gandhi spoke about meat-free diets. He argued that eating meat was a matter of morality rather than just health.

Barbara Moore (1961)
Barbara Moore (1961)

The specific word "veganism" was created in 1944. Donald Watson and Dorothy Morgan invented the term to distinguish it from vegetarianism. They took the first three and last two letters of the word "vegetarian." This marked what Watson called the beginning and end of vegetarianism. They started a newsletter called The Vegan News in November 1944. This led to the founding of The Vegan Society in London. The society held its first meeting at the Attic Club. Members shared recipes and lists of animal-free goods like shoe polish and glue.

Barbara Moore (1961)
Barbara Moore (1961)

The movement spread globally throughout the 20th century. The first vegan society in the U.S. formed in California in 1948. In 1960, H. Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society. He connected veganism to the Sanskrit concept of ahimsa, or non-harming. In the 1950s, the Plantmilk Society began producing soy milk. This was one of the first widely distributed soy milks in the West.

002-soymilk
002-soymilk

Today, veganism is more visible than ever. People use plant-based meats and various dairy alternatives.

Pflanzlicher Fleischersatz
Pflanzlicher Fleischersatz

Modern vegans continue to explore new ways to live without exploitation.

Vegan dish (42019058960)
Vegan dish (42019058960)
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File:Gandhi LVS 1931.jpg
Gandhi LVS 1931.jpg
File:Barbara Moore (1961).jpg
Barbara Moore (1961).jpg
File:Patrik Baboumian für PETA.jpg
Patrik Baboumian für PETA.jpg
File:Pflanzlicher Fleischersatz.jpg
Pflanzlicher Fleischersatz.jpg
File:002-soymilk.jpg
002-soymilk.jpg
File:Animal Abuse Battery Cage 02.jpg
Animal Abuse Battery Cage 02.jpg
File:Oliiviöljysaippua.JPG
Oliiviöljysaippua.JPG
File:Number and years of publication of studies involving dogs and cats fed vegan diets.png
Number and years of publication of...
File:Vegan dish (42019058960).jpg
Vegan dish (42019058960).jpg
File:Vegan Plate.svg
Vegan Plate.svg
File:Granola oatmeal with soymilk flickr user daisybush.jpg
Granola oatmeal with soymilk flickr user...
File:Hog confinement barn interior.jpg
Hog confinement barn interior.jpg

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