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Valery Chkalov

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Valery Pavlovich Chkalov was a prominent Russian and Soviet test pilot.

Chkalov-Monument
Chkalov-Monument

He was celebrated for his extreme flying skills and long-distance aviation milestones. In 1936, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Chkalov is best known for pioneering new flight paths across the globe. His work helped prove that airplanes could travel vast distances over difficult terrain. He remains a significant figure in the history of early 20th-century aviation.

Chkalov's journey began in the upper Volga region in 1904. He was born in the town of Vasilyevo. His father worked as a ship boiler-maker at the Vasilyevo Shipyard. After studying at a technical school in Cherepovets, Chkalov returned home to work as an apprentice. He later worked as a stoker on a river dredger named the Bayan. In 1919, he saw his first airplane and decided to join the Red Army's air force. He started as a mechanic at age 16. He eventually graduated from the Yegoryevsk Training School in 1924 and joined a fighter squadron.

As a test pilot, Chkalov performed incredible feats of skill. He led the stunt section of the Soviet air force for public displays. He was once able to complete 250 loop-the-loops in only 45 minutes. In the 1930s, he transitioned into ultra-long flights that challenged the limits of technology. One of his most famous achievements occurred in June 1937. He flew a Tupolev ANT-25 airplane from Moscow to Vancouver, Washington, in the United States. This flight traveled via the North Pole. It was a non-stop journey that pioneered a polar air route from Europe to the American Pacific Coast.

Chkalov, Stalin and Belyakov. August 10, 1936
Chkalov, Stalin and Belyakov. August 10, 1936

Chkalov's fame led to high-level recognition. During the May 1 celebrations over Red Square, he met Joseph Stalin for the first time. He was planning to attempt the world's first non-stop flight around the entire planet. However, his life ended during a test flight on 15 December 1938. He was piloting a prototype of the Polikarpov I-180 fighter. This was the aircraft's maiden test flight, meaning it was the first time it was being flown. Neither Nikolai Polikarpov nor Dmitry Tomashevich, the chief designers, had approved this specific flight.

The crash occurred following a series of technical and navigational errors. Chkalov performed a low altitude circuit around the airfield first. On his second circuit, he climbed to over 2,000 meters. This violated the flight plan, which forbade exceeding 600 meters. Chkalov appeared to miscalculate his landing approach and came in short of the airfield. During his attempt to correct the approach, the engine cut out. He struck an overhead powerline and sustained severe injuries. He died two hours after the accident.

Several theories exist regarding the cause of the engine failure. An official government investigation concluded the engine cut out because it became too cold. This happened because the cowl flaps were not in use. Other hypotheses suggest Chkalov advanced the throttle too quickly, which may have flooded the engine. Fellow pilot Mikhail Gromov suggested the engine cooling was flawed. He also noted that Chkalov deviated from the flight plan. While Chkalov's son suggested a possible assassination plot, the crash circumstances make foul play unlikely. Following the crash, officials who urged the flight were arrested.

Chkalov-Monument
Chkalov-Monument

Chkalov's legacy is preserved through many names and monuments. His birthplace, Vasilyevo, was renamed Chkalovsk in his honor. In the United States, a monument was dedicated to his 1937 polar flight at Pearson Airpark in 1975. There is also a Chkalov Drive in Vancouver, Washington. In Moldova, a street in Chișinău is named after him; it is only 41 meters long. Many metro stations in Russia bear his name, including Chkalovskaya stations in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Even a Russian Tupolev Tu-160 bomber was named in his memory.

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File:Chkalov, Stalin and Belyakov. August 10, 1936.jpg
Chkalov, Stalin and Belyakov. August 10, 1936.jpg
File:Chkalov-Monument.jpg
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