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Ugetsu

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Ugetsu is a celebrated Japanese period fantasy film released in 1953.

Kenji Mizoguchi 2
Kenji Mizoguchi 2

Directed by Kenji Mizoguchi, the film is considered a masterpiece of Japanese cinema. It successfully helped popularize Japanese filmmaking in Western countries. The movie blends the jidaigeki genre, which refers to period dramas, with elements of ghost stories. It draws its narrative from the 1776 book Ugetsu Monogatari by Ueda Akinari. Specifically, the film combines two stories: "The House in the Thicket" and "The Lust of the White Serpent."

Provinces of Japan-Omi
Provinces of Japan-Omi

The plot is set during the Azuchi–Momoyama period, specifically between 1568 and 1600. This was a time of intense civil war in Japan. The story follows a potter named Genjūrō in the rural community of Nakanogō. Located in Ōmi Province, the setting is defined by the presence of Lake Biwa. Genjūrō leaves his wife, Miyagi, and their son to seek profit through his pottery. His brother-in-law, Tōbei, also seeks a different kind of success by chasing the dream of becoming a samurai. The film uses these personal journeys to show how war affects ordinary people.

The film's narrative structure includes a significant subplot inspired by a different literary source. Mizoguchi used Guy de Maupassant's 1883 short story, "How He Got the Legion of Honor," to shape Tōbei's arc. In the film, Tōbei achieves his goal of becoming a samurai through dishonest means. He steals a general's head to earn his status and armor. However, this success comes at a terrible cost to his wife, Ohama. This parallel highlights the themes of greed and the unintended consequences of ambition during wartime.

Mizoguchi directed the film with a specific visual goal in mind. He instructed his cinematographer, Kazuo Miyagawa, to make the film unroll seamlessly like a scroll painting. To achieve this, the production drew inspiration from the Southern School of Chinese painting. Miyagawa utilized a camera crane for approximately 70% of the film's shots. The filmmakers also focused on naturalistic lighting by filming near sunset. This helped create a soft, atmospheric glow throughout the scenes. Even the boat scene on Lake Biwa used a studio pool with added smoke to simulate thick fog.

The production design was highly detailed to evoke the feudal era. The Kutsuki mansion set was modeled after the real Katsura Imperial Villa in Kyoto.

Mizoguchi personally selected props, such as armor and kimono, to ensure historical atmosphere. The actors also used traditional techniques to enhance their performances. For instance, Machiko Kyō, who played Lady Wakasa, used a practice called hikimayu. This involves styling the eyebrows to mimic the look of a Noh theatre mask.

Ugetsu-filmshooting
Ugetsu-filmshooting

The musical score, composed by Fumio Hayasaka, plays a vital role in the film's atmosphere. Hayasaka blended Japanese musical traditions with elements of Western music. He incorporated geza music, which is a style commonly used in Kabuki theatre. The score features instruments like drums, flutes, and chanting. To signal the presence of the supernatural, the filmmakers used the harp. Bells are also heard in unexpected places to build tension.

Hayasaka Fumio
Hayasaka Fumio

Scholars and critics have noted deep thematic connections within the film. Professor Martha P. Nochimson suggests the film expresses regret regarding the pro-war extremism of World War II. Mizoguchi himself had previously made the pro-war propaganda film The 47 Ronin in 1941. Through Ugetsu, he explored how violence and war oppress the populace both physically and spiritually. The film remains a profound study of how human greed and the chaos of war can destroy families and spirits.

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Provinces of Japan-Omi.svg
File:Kenji Mizoguchi 2.jpg
Kenji Mizoguchi 2.jpg
File:Shokin-tei.jpg
Shokin-tei.jpg
File:Ugetsu-filmshooting.jpg
Ugetsu-filmshooting.jpg
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Hayasaka Fumio.JPG
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