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Turkish coffee

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Turkish coffee is a unique style of coffee preparation that relies on very finely ground beans. Unlike many other methods, this process does not use filters to remove the grounds. Instead, the fine particles remain in the drink when it is served.

Two Turkish coffee
Two Turkish coffee

This method is celebrated as both a craft and a social ritual. It is known for its strong flavor and a thick layer of foam on top. People often enjoy it alongside small sweets, such as Turkish delight, to balance the taste.

Creating the perfect cup involves a precise sequence of steps. It begins with roasting green Arabica beans over steady heat in a shallow, wrought-iron pan. After roasting, the beans must cool in a wooden box to absorb excess oil. Some connoisseurs believe walnut wood is the best for this stage.

Kumda Türk Kahvesi, Safranbolu 2014
Kumda Türk Kahvesi, Safranbolu 2014

Next, the beans are ground into an extremely fine powder. This powder should ideally be between 75 and 125 microns in size. Achieving this fineness is vital for the texture and the quality of the foam.

The brewing stage requires a specialized vessel called a cezve. This is a conical flask made of thick, forged copper.

The cezve is wider at the base than at the neck. This specific shape helps retain volatile aromas and encourages foam to form. To brew, one adds cold water, at least 7 grams of coffee per person, and any desired sugar to the pot. The mixture is heated carefully, but it must never reach a rolling boil.

There are several ways to customize the flavor and sweetness of the drink. When ordering, a person can specify the exact amount of sugar they want. Options range from unsweetened to very sweet.

Czech Turkish Coffee
Czech Turkish Coffee

Some people also flavor their coffee with spices or resins like cardamom, mastic, salep, or ambergris. The coffee is poured from the cezve's spout into small porcelain cups. Connoisseurs often prefer cups with thin rims because the design affects the mouth feel. Serving the coffee with a glass of water is also a common tradition. The water is sipped first to cleanse the mouth before the coffee is tasted.

The history of this beverage is tied to global trade and the Ottoman Empire. Coffee trees were first grown commercially in Yemen after arriving from Ethiopia. For a long time, Yemen held a monopoly on coffee exports.

Coffee-cook
Coffee-cook

In the 16th century, coffee drinking spread through the Islamic world, reaching Istanbul. The first coffeehouses in Istanbul likely opened around 1551 or 1554. These shops were established by two Arab merchants named Hakem and Shems. Eventually, coffeehouses became so common that even sultans employed specialist coffee cooks.

Throughout history, the social nature of coffee led to political tension. Some governments feared that coffeehouses were places where people gathered to discuss subversive ideas. In the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Murad IV even imposed strict punishments on those who kept coffeehouses.

Turkish coffeeehouse 1910
Turkish coffeeehouse 1910

Despite these bans, the popularity of coffee continued to grow. Authorities eventually realized they could earn more by taxing the trade rather than trying to stop it. In Istanbul, over 600 coffeehouses existed just fifteen years after the drink first arrived.

As coffee moved into Western Europe, it underwent many changes. It was first introduced to places like Venice, where it was sometimes used as medicine.

Sala Orientale Caffè Florian 1
Sala Orientale Caffè Florian 1

Initially, the dark and bitter Turkish style was very expensive and difficult for many Europeans to enjoy. In France, for example, coffee beans once cost the equivalent of $8,000 per kilo. The price only dropped after the Yemeni monopoly was broken. The Dutch and the French began growing coffee in other locations like Java and the Americas. This made coffee accessible to all social classes by the mid-18th century, changing how the world drinks it forever.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Coffee cup from Turkey, Ottoman period, late 19th-early 20th century, silver, porcelain.JPG
Coffee cup from Turkey, Ottoman period,...
File:V&A Turkish coffehouse.jpg
V&A Turkish coffehouse.jpg
File:Turkish coffeeehouse 1910.jpg
Turkish coffeeehouse 1910.jpg
File:Coffee-cook.jpg
Coffee-cook.jpg
File:Sala Orientale Caffè Florian 1.jpg
Sala Orientale Caffè Florian 1.jpg
File:Princesse de Bournonville.jpg
Princesse de Bournonville.jpg
File:Two Turkish coffee.jpg
Two Turkish coffee.jpg
File:Kumda Türk Kahvesi, Safranbolu 2014.jpg
Kumda Türk Kahvesi, Safranbolu 2014.jpg
File:Armenian Coffee-13.JPG
Armenian Coffee-13.JPG
File:Czech Turkish Coffee.jpg
Czech Turkish Coffee.jpg
File:Cup of coffee (Serbian cuisine, Grand kava).jpg
Cup of coffee (Serbian cuisine, Grand kava).jpg
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