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Treaty of Rome

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The Treaty of Rome is a foundational legal document for modern Europe. It officially established the European Economic Community, often called the EEC. This treaty is a core part of what is now the European Union (EU). Its main purpose was to foster deep economic cooperation between several nations. By working together, these countries hoped to build a more stable continent. The treaty remains one of the most significant pillars of European integration today.

Traité CEE signatures
Traité CEE signatures

The treaty functioned by creating a system of shared economic rules. It proposed the progressive reduction of customs duties, which are taxes on imported goods. This process aimed to establish a customs union among all member states. The goal was to create a common market for goods, labor, services, and capital. This meant that people and products could move across borders more easily. The treaty also created the European Commission to help manage these new shared tasks. It established policies for agriculture and transport to ensure everything ran smoothly.

To understand the Treaty of Rome, we must look at its earlier stages. In 1951, leaders signed the Treaty of Paris to create the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). This earlier organization was designed to reconstruct European economies after the war. It also aimed to prevent future conflicts by pooling vital resources. Jean Monnet, a French civil servant, conceived the original idea for this cooperation. He wanted to link the coal and steel production of France and West Germany. By sharing these materials, the two nations could make war much harder to start.

After the ECSC, leaders looked for new ways to integrate the continent. Some suggested creating a European Defence Community or a Political Community. However, the French Parliament rejected the defense plan. This led Jean Monnet to focus on economic integration instead of political integration. Later, the Spaak Committee was formed to study a general common market. Paul-Henri Spaak served as the chairman of this important preparatory committee. The resulting Spaak Report became the cornerstone for the negotiations in Rome.

Affiche traité de Rome 60 ans sur le Berlaymont
Affiche traité de Rome 60 ans sur le Berlaymont

The signing of the treaty took place on March 25, 1957. The leaders met at the Palazzo dei Conservatori on Capitoline Hill in Rome. Six countries signed the document: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The treaty officially came into force on January 1, 1958. Interestingly, a printing delay meant the original document had blank pages between the front and the signatures. This historic moment marked the start of a new era of cooperation.

2017-03-25 and views of Rome 22
2017-03-25 and views of Rome 22

Throughout its history, the treaty has faced several challenges and changes. In 1965, France experienced the "Empty Chair Crisis" when its representatives left the Council of Ministers. This was resolved by the Luxembourg Compromise, which gave members veto power. In 1969, a summit in The Hague led to more international policy and new investment funds. These included the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund. The treaty's name has also changed over time. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty removed the word "economic" from its title. Finally, the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon renamed it the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

Today, the legacy of the Treaty of Rome is still celebrated across Europe. Many nations have issued commemorative coins to mark its 30th and 50th anniversaries. In 2007, celebrations reached a peak in Berlin with the Berlin Declaration. In 2017, Rome hosted massive official and popular celebrations for the 60th anniversary. Some people even held street demonstrations to support European unity. The treaty helped transform how nations interact through shared markets and common laws. It remains a vital link to the history of the modern European Union.

2017-03-25 and views of Rome 22
2017-03-25 and views of Rome 22
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2017-03-25 and views of Rome 22.jpg
File:Affiche traité de Rome 60 ans sur le Berlaymont.jpg
Affiche traité de Rome 60 ans sur le...
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