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Toilet seat

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A toilet seat is a hinged unit used for sitting on a toilet bowl. It usually consists of a round or oval open seat and a lid. The unit is bolted onto the porcelain or metal body of a toilet. This device is essential for comfort and hygiene in both flush and dry toilets. While many homes use standard seats, public restrooms often use different designs.

The mechanism of a toilet seat relies on hinges and spacers. The seat does not usually rest directly on the toilet bowl itself. Instead, it sits upon hinges and tabs or spacers affixed to the bowl. These components hold the seat at a specific height. Similarly, the lid is elevated above the seat by these same hinges and tabs. This gap is important for how the unit functions. Some studies suggest that closing the lid can prevent the spread of aerosols. Aerosols are tiny droplets of water that can be released during a flush.

Toilet, wall and floor tiles in a bathroom in a hotel in Hordaland, Norway 2018-03-20 A
Toilet, wall and floor tiles in a bathroom in a hotel in Hordaland, Norway 2018-03-20 A

There are several distinct types of toilet seats used today. Standard seats come in elongated or regular shapes to fit specific bowls. Some feature slow-close hinges, which provide resistance to prevent slamming. Open-front seats, also known as split seats, are a very common variation. The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials' Uniform Plumbing Code requires these in most public spaces. This design prevents genital contact with the seat and helps avoid urine contamination.

China Airlines 中華航空 toilet interior Feb-2013
China Airlines 中華航空 toilet interior Feb-2013

In some high-security areas like prisons, seats are built into metal toilets. These cannot be removed so they cannot be used as weapons or tools.

History shows a long timeline of innovation for these devices. Cyril Reginald Clayton manufactured the first electrically heated toilet seat in Sussex, UK. He applied for a UK patent on January 5, 1959, and it was granted in 1963. His first model was called the 'Deluxete' and was made of fiberglass. It used a mercury switch to trigger a heating element when the lid was closed. Later, a model called the 'Deodar' included an integral fan for deodorizing. In Japan, integrated bidets became popular around 1980. These high-tech seats are often called 'Washlets' after a leading brand.

Many specific figures and dates highlight the impact of toilet seat technology. Electrically heated seats have been a staple in Japan since the 1970s. In 1942, J.C. Thomasa invented a dispenser for disposable paper seat covers. These covers are shaped like the seat to reassure users about germs. However, studies indicate that infections like Salmonella are usually spread by hands rather than the buttocks. In 1993, Matt DiRoberto of Massachusetts invented the padded toilet seat. This was part of a popular trend during the early 1990s.

Some notable stories involve the cost and design of specialized covers. In 1987, a controversy arose regarding the US Navy's P-3C Orion aircraft. The Lockheed Corporation charged $34,560 for 54 molded plastic toilet shrouds. This meant each cover cost $640. President Ronald Reagan addressed this in a televised news conference. He clarified that the high price was for the entire molded assembly, not just a seat. The actual seat part of that assembly cost only about $9. The company later corrected the price to $100 per unit.

Toilet seats also connect to the wider world of design and culture. They can be made from materials like oak or walnut for a classic look. Some modern designs use transparent plastic to show decorative items like coins or seashells. Even the choice to leave a seat up or down is a frequent topic of social discussion. This often involves debates about efficiency versus consideration for others. Whether high-tech or simple, the toilet seat remains a central part of bathroom sanitation and comfort.

Coin-Operated Toilet Seat Cover Dispenser
Coin-Operated Toilet Seat Cover Dispenser
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File:Toilet seat 600x980.jpg
Toilet seat 600x980.jpg
File:Toilet, wall and floor tiles in a bathroom in a hotel in Hordaland, Norway 2018-03-20 A.jpg
Toilet, wall and floor tiles in a...
File:China Airlines 中華航空 toilet interior Feb-2013.JPG
China Airlines 中華航空 toilet interior Feb-2013.JPG
File:Coin-Operated Toilet Seat Cover Dispenser.jpg
Coin-Operated Toilet Seat Cover Dispenser.jpg
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