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Tianshui

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Tianshui is a major prefecture-level city in China's Gansu province. It serves as the province's second-largest urban center, following the capital, Lanzhou. Geographically, the city sits at a unique meeting point. It lies on the boundary between the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. The city stretches along the upper reaches of the Wei River. Specifically, it occupies the valley of the Jie River, which is a significant tributary of the Wei.

Majishan huge sculptures 20090226
Majishan huge sculptures 20090226

The climate in Tianshui is influenced by monsoon patterns. Scientists classify it as a cool semi-arid or humid continental climate. This means the city experiences four distinct seasons of nearly equal length. Winters are characterized as cold and dry. Conversely, summers are warm and can be somewhat humid. Most of the annual precipitation occurs between June and September. The city also enjoys significant sunlight, receiving 1,911 hours of bright sunshine every year. This mild environment makes Tianshui a large producer of fruit, especially apples.

Historically, Tianshui has been vital to the early development of China. The region was once part of the territory controlled by the Qin. The House of Ying, which ruled the first imperial dynasty, developed from nearby Quanqiu. Later, the area became a key part of the Northern Silk Road. This famous trade route connected Tianshui to the Wei River. From there, the road moved past Mount Long toward Chang'an, which is now known as Xi'an. The city's importance grew through various administrative changes over many centuries.

During the Han Dynasty, the region underwent significant political shifts. In 114 BC, Emperor Wu separated the area to create the Tianshui Commandery. This move supported his expansion toward the Tarim Basin. This era also produced the famous general Li Guang, who hailed from the city. Throughout different dynasties, the city's name and status changed frequently. During the Northern Wei, it was known as Hanyang. In the Tang and Five Dynasties periods, the city was called Shanggui. It even served as the capital for the province of Qinzhou at various times.

One of the most remarkable features of the region is the Maijishan Grottoes. These are historic sites filled with thousands of Buddhist sculptures. The carvings depict figures such as Buddha and the original male form of Guanyin. Monks traveling the Silk Road and local Buddhists created these works. They were produced between the Wei and Song dynasties.

Majishan huge sculptures 20090226
Majishan huge sculptures 20090226

These grottoes offer a deep look into the religious history of the area. Other notable sites include the Fuxi Temple and Yuquan Temple.

Modern Tianshui is a significant industrial and transportation hub. The city is a major center for electronics in Gansu province. It hosts various large companies, such as the AVIC Tianshui Aviation Industry. Transportation is highly developed to support the population. The city is served by the Tianshui railway station on the Longhai Railway. A high-speed station, Tianshui South, opened in 2017.

TianshuiStation
TianshuiStation

Additionally, Tianshui Maijishan Airport provides air travel near the built-up urban areas.

The culture of Tianshui is also famous for its unique culinary traditions. A signature dish is Guagua, a sticky meal made of boiled buckwheat flour. It is seasoned with ingredients like chili oil, sesame paste, and garlic. People often eat this for breakfast. Another famous food is Tianshui malatang, a spicy hot pot. This dish became a viral sensation online in early 2024.

秦州 天水麻辣烫
秦州 天水麻辣烫

The unique "soul flavor" of the hot pot comes from local ingredients. These include Maiji peppercorns and Gangu chili peppers, which provide a numbing sensation.

Population and geography define the modern layout of the city. According to the 2020 census, the total population was 2,984,659 inhabitants. Of these, 1,212,791 people lived in the metro area. This urban center consists of two main districts: Qinzhou and Maiji. The city also manages several counties, including Qingshui, Qin'an, Gangu, Wushan, and the Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County. Each area contributes to the diverse economic and cultural fabric of the region.

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File:TianshuiStation.JPG
TianshuiStation.JPG
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秦州_天水麻辣烫.jpg
File:Majishan huge sculptures 20090226.jpg
Majishan huge sculptures 20090226.jpg
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