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Thomas à Kempis

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Thomas à Kempis was a significant German-Dutch Catholic canon regular of the Augustinians. He is most famous for writing *The Imitation of Christ*. This book is considered one of the most well-known Christian devotional texts in history. A devotional book is one intended to help people focus on their religious faith.

Thomas - Opera spirituale, 1568 - 425
Thomas - Opera spirituale, 1568 - 425

He lived during the late medieval period as a member of the Congregation of Windesheim. This group was part of a larger reform movement known as the Modern Devotion. This movement sought to align religious life more closely with established monastic norms.

His life began in Kempen, located in the Rhineland region of Germany. His surname at birth was Hemerken, though it was later Latinized as Malleolus. His father, Johann, worked as a blacksmith. His mother, Gertrud, served as a schoolmistress.

Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting
Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting

In 1392, Thomas moved to Deventer in the Netherlands to attend a noted Latin school. He studied there until 1399. During his time in Deventer, he encountered the Brethren of the Common Life. These followers were part of the Modern Devotion led by Gerard Groote.

After his schooling, Thomas moved to the city of Zwolle to visit his brother, Johann. Johann had become the prior of the Monastery of Mount St. Agnes. Thomas officially entered the Mount St. Agnes community in 1406. He was not ordained as a priest until 1413. Later, in 1429, he was appointed as the sub-prior of the monastery.

Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting
Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting

As sub-prior, one of his main duties was instructing novices, who are people new to a religious community.

Thomas's time as sub-prior was interrupted by a period of exile for his community. In 1429, a dispute arose regarding an appointment to the vacant See of Utrecht. Pope Martin V rejected the nomination of Bishop-elect Rudolf van Diepholt. As a result, the Pope imposed an interdict, which is a religious penalty. The Canons remained in exile to observe the interdict until the matter was settled in 1432.

Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting
Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting

During this exile, Thomas moved to Arnhem to care for his brother. He stayed there until Johann died in November 1432.

Thomas was a highly prolific writer and a skilled copyist. A copyist is someone who reproduces manuscripts by hand. He copied the Bible at least four times. One of these massive copies is preserved in five volumes at Darmstadt, Germany.

Archive-ugent-be-2944A012-D468-11E7-AEDB-4B666EE4309A DS-1E370342-12C3-11E8-98A5-637515E3A8F4 (cropped)
Archive-ugent-be-2944A012-D468-11E7-AEDB-4B666EE4309A DS-1E370342-12C3-11E8-98A5-637515E3A8F4 (cropped)

Between 1418 and 1427, he wrote four booklets for the novices. These booklets were later collected into the single work, *The Imitation of Christ*. He also wrote biographies of other members of the New Devotion, such as Gerard Groote and Floris Radewijns. His other works include several collections of sermons and meditations.

*The Imitation of Christ* gained immense popularity after its release. The famous thinker Thomas More suggested it was one of three books everyone should own. Between the years 1500 and 1700, at least thirteen translations and three English paraphrases were published.

Thomas a Kempis Schrijn
Thomas a Kempis Schrijn

This shows how widely his ideas reached across different languages and eras. Even though he was a man of the late Middle Ages, his writings continued to influence people for centuries. His work remains a primary example of the devotional literature produced by the Modern Devotion movement.

Today, Thomas à Kempis is remembered through various monuments and shrines. A monument was dedicated to him in Zwolle in 1897.

Zwolle Begraafplaats Bergklooster Monument Thomas a Kempis
Zwolle Begraafplaats Bergklooster Monument Thomas a Kempis

His shrine has been moved several times due to the closing of different churches. It is currently located in the Assumption of Mary church in the center of Zwolle. There is also a legend regarding his death and potential canonization. Some say he was denied sainthood because of marks on his coffin lid. However, there is very little evidence to support this story or the idea that the Church used it as a reason to deny him sainthood.

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Zwolle Begraafplaats Bergklooster...
File:Thomas a Kempis Schrijn.JPG
Thomas a Kempis Schrijn.JPG
File:Archive-ugent-be-2944A012-D468-11E7-AEDB-4B666EE4309A DS-1E370342-12C3-11E8-98A5-637515E3A8F4 (cropped).jpg
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File:Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting.jpg
Thomas a kempis agnietenberg painting.jpg
Thomas - Opera spirituale, 1568 - 425.tif
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