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The Third Man

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The Third Man is a celebrated 1949 film noir. Film noir is a cinematic style known for its dark shadows and moody atmosphere. This film is considered one of the greatest movies ever made. It is famous for its acting, its musical score, and its cinematography. In 1999, the British Film Institute voted it the greatest British film of all time. A 2011 poll by Time Out ranked it as the second-best British film.

The story is set in post-World War II Vienna. At this time, the city was under Allied occupation. The plot follows Holly Martins, an American writer of Western pulp novels. Martins travels to the British sector of Vienna to find his childhood friend, Harry Lime. Martins arrives expecting a job, but he learns that Lime has died in a car accident. This discovery starts a mystery regarding the true nature of Lime's death.

As Martins investigates, he meets Anna Schmidt, who was Lime's girlfriend. The two of them begin to question the official story of the accident. They notice that different people tell different stories about how Lime died. A porter at Lime's apartment mentions a "third man" who helped carry the body. This leads Martins to discover a dark truth about Lime's actions. Major Calloway, a member of the police, reveals that Lime was stealing penicillin from military hospitals. Lime was diluting the medicine and selling it on the black market. This dishonest scheme caused many people to become injured or die from meningitis.

The film's unique visual style is a major part of its impact. The cinematographer, Robert Krasker, used German expressionist influences. This style includes harsh lighting and Dutch angles, which are tilted camera shots. These techniques help create a feeling of exhaustion and cynicism. This mood reflects the atmosphere at the start of the Cold War. The use of ruined locations in Vienna also helps tell this story.

Writer Graham Greene created the foundation for the film. He first wrote a novella, or short book, to serve as a treatment for the screenplay. Greene gathered details about Vienna from Elizabeth Montagu, who gave him tours of the city. She showed him the sewers and local nightclubs. He also spoke with Peter Smolka, a correspondent for The Times. Smolka provided stories about the black market in Vienna. These real-world details added depth to the film's setting.

Production involved several different locations and studios. The crew spent six weeks filming on location in Vienna. They finished these shots by December 11, 1948. The production then moved to the United Kingdom. They used Worton Hall Studios in Isleworth and Shepperton Studios in Surrey. The filming was completed in March 1949. During the production, director Carol Reed used four different camera units to shoot around Vienna.

The film is also famous for its iconic music. Composer Anton Karas wrote "The Third Man Theme." This composition topped international music charts in 1950. The music brought international fame to Karas, who was previously unknown. One famous scene features Harry Lime, played by Orson Welles, on the Wiener Riesenrad. This is a large Ferris wheel located in the Prater amusement park. During this ride, Lime delivers a cynical speech about history and Swiss cuckoo clocks. Some sources say Welles himself wrote this specific line of dialogue.

There has been much discussion regarding the creative process of the film. Some people speculated that Orson Welles directed the movie instead of Carol Reed. However, film historians like Jonathan Rosenbaum have called this a misconception. While Welles's previous films influenced the look of The Third Man, Reed was the director. Welles did contribute to the film by writing some of the famous dialogue. There was also a dispute between Reed and producer David O. Selznick. Selznick wanted a more hopeful ending, but Reed insisted on a darker conclusion. Greene later agreed that Reed's choice was the right one for the story.

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