Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

The Little Mermaid

arts Maturity 5-7 mythology death dying supernatural Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: mythology, death_dying, supernatural. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

"The Little Mermaid" is a famous literary fairy tale by the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen.

Page 127 illustration in fairy tales of Andersen (Stratton)
Page 127 illustration in fairy tales of Andersen (Stratton)

Originally published in 1837, it appeared in a collection titled "Fairy Tales Told for Children." The story follows a young mermaid princess living in an underwater kingdom. She resides with her father, the Sea King, her grandmother, and five older sisters. Each sister was born exactly one year apart. The mermaid is defined by her intense curiosity about the human world. She even keeps a statue of a human boy in her palace garden.

Copenhagen - the little mermaid statue - 2013
Copenhagen - the little mermaid statue - 2013

The plot centers on the mermaid's quest for an eternal soul. While mermaids live about 300 years, they turn into sea foam when they die. Humans have shorter lives, but they possess eternal souls that live on in Heaven. After saving a prince from a violent shipwreck, the mermaid falls in love with him. To become human, she visits a Sea Witch in a dangerous part of the ocean. The Witch offers a potion to grant her legs in exchange for her voice.

'I know what you want' said the sea witch
'I know what you want' said the sea witch

This transformation comes with a heavy price. The potion feels like a sword passing through her body. Furthermore, every step she takes on land feels like walking on sharp knives.

Success in her quest depends on a specific, difficult condition. The mermaid will only obtain a soul if she wins the prince's love and marries him. If he marries someone else, she will die of a broken heart at dawn. She becomes the prince's favorite companion and dances for him with great grace. However, she remains mute and cannot tell him she saved his life. The prince eventually marries a neighboring princess, who is actually the woman he believes rescued him from the temple. This creates a tragic situation for the mermaid as the wedding ship sets sail.

At the story's climax, the mermaid faces a final, harrowing choice.

Page 139 illustration in fairy tales of Andersen (Stratton)
Page 139 illustration in fairy tales of Andersen (Stratton)

Her sisters rise from the sea and offer her a dagger. They traded their beautiful hair to the Witch to obtain it. If the mermaid kills the prince and lets his blood drip on her feet, she can become a mermaid again. This would end her suffering and allow her to live her full life in the ocean. However, she cannot bring herself to kill the sleeping prince. Instead, she throws the dagger away and leaps into the sea just as dawn breaks.

Rather than simply dissolving into foam, the mermaid undergoes a final transformation.

Mermaid Last Page
Mermaid Last Page

She becomes a luminous, ethereal spirit known as a "daughter of the air." These spirits can earn immortal souls by performing 300 years of good deeds. Because of her sacrifice and her suffering, she is welcomed by other daughters of the air. They explain that she has raised herself to the spirit world. She will now perform good deeds for all her life to eventually rise into Heaven.

Scholars have analyzed the story's unique structure for many years. Jacob Bøggild and Pernille Heegaard noted the shift from tragedy to hope. They suggest the ending is not just about religion, but a choice of ambiguity. This differs from Andersen's earlier working title, "Daughters of the Air." Andersen was also influenced by the story "Undine" by de la Motte Fouqué. However, Andersen wanted his mermaid's soul to depend on her own actions rather than a human's love. He believed this was a more natural and divine path for the character.

Many experts find deep themes regarding identity and exploration in the text. Scholar Maria Tatar suggests the mermaid represents an investigative curiosity. The mermaid seeks to explore the unknown and broaden her horizons. She even uses flowers to mimic the shape of the sun in her garden. Other researchers, like Virginia Borges, focus on themes of alienation and self-sacrifice. They note the mermaid often feels like an outsider in both the sea and the land. This sense of isolation is a central part of her journey through the world.

663 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Page 127 illustration in fairy tales of Andersen (Stratton).png
Page 127 illustration in fairy tales of...
File:Page 139 illustration in fairy tales of Andersen (Stratton).png
Page 139 illustration in fairy tales of...
File:Mermaid Last Page.jpg
Mermaid Last Page.jpg
File:'I know what you want' said the sea witch.jpg
'I know what you want' said the sea witch.jpg
File:Copenhagen - the little mermaid statue - 2013.jpg
Copenhagen - the little mermaid statue - 2013.jpg
More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.