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Text-based game

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A text-based game is an electronic game that uses a text-based user interface. Instead of using bitmap or vector graphics, these games employ a set of encodable characters.

Star Trek text game
Star Trek text game

These characters are often organized into encoding systems like ASCII. ASCII uses 96 printable characters out of a total set of 128. Another system, called ANSI, uses ASCII plus 128 additional characters from extended ASCII. ANSI also allows for text to be displayed in various colors. Because they rely on text, these games require very little processing power. They also have much lower production costs than games using complex graphics.

The mechanism of a text-based game relies on the exchange of encoded data. Most computers read information in binary code, which is made of bits. A bit is the smallest unit of data with two possible values. Combinations of these bits form bytes that represent specific characters. The user interacts with the game by inputting commands through a device. In the early days, this was often done via a teleprinter. The computer processes the input and sends back text data. This data is then displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. This cycle allows the player to receive information and respond through text.

There are several distinct types of text-based games. Text adventures, also called interactive fiction, use narrative descriptions of worlds. Players submit simple commands to interact with these described settings. Another type is the MUD, or Multi-user dungeon. MUDs are real-time online virtual worlds that combine role-playing and online chat. Players can view descriptions of rooms, objects, and other players. A third type is the roguelike, which is a subgenre of role-playing games.

Rogue Screen Shot CAR
Rogue Screen Shot CAR

Roguelikes are defined by turn-based movement, randomization for replayability, and permanent death.

The history of these games begins with teleprinters in the 1960s. During this era, teleprinters were connected to large mainframe computers. Users submitted commands through the teleprinter, and the output was printed on paper. Notable early mainframe titles included The Sumerian Game, Lunar Lander, The Oregon Trail, and Star Trek. In the mid-1970s, video terminals became the cheapest way for users to interact with mainframes. Many games were developed at universities as experiments in artificial intelligence. These games were often inspired by the works of J. R. R. Tolkien or the game Dungeons & Dragons.

Early text-based games often lacked the ability to save progress. This absence was due to brief gaming sessions, hardware limitations, and high costs. Many early games followed an episodic structure instead. However, as designers created larger worlds, players needed to resume their progress. This changed in 1977 when Don Woods revised Colossal Cave Adventure. This version, later renamed Adventure, featured expanded gameplay and the ability to save. From the late 1970s until the mid-1990s, text games also served as early online games. Users connected to Bulletin Board Systems, or BBSes, using dial-up modems and telephone wires.

These early online games were often called "BBS door games." This name came from the way a connection opened a "door" between the client and the BBS. Because modems had limited bandwidth, text was much faster to download than graphics. While early online games used ASCII, most BBSes used colored ANSI art by the late 1980s. Even today, people continue to explore interactive fiction and play MUDs. The Interactive Fiction Competition was even established in 1995. This annual event encourages developers to create and explore new independent titles.

Text-based games have had a massive influence on the broader gaming industry. They served as the basis for instigating entire genres, such as adventure and role-playing games. The adventure genre itself takes its name from the title Colossal Cave Adventure. Famous titles like Zork and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy further popularized the format. The roguelike genre also traces its name to the 1980 game Rogue. While many modern games use non-textual graphics, independent developers still write text-based games today. They remain a vital part of gaming history and culture.

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File:Star Trek text game.png
Star Trek text game.png
File:Rogue Screen Shot CAR.PNG
Rogue Screen Shot CAR.PNG
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