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ASCII art

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ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computer characters to create visual images.

Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black
Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black

It relies on the characters defined by the ASCII Standard, which was established in 1963. This standard includes 128 total characters, but artists specifically use the 95 printable ones.

ASCII full
ASCII full

To ensure the images look correct, most ASCII art requires a fixed-width font. Fonts such as Courier or Consolas are non-proportional, meaning every character occupies the same amount of horizontal space. This consistency is vital for maintaining the structural integrity of the shapes. Without fixed-width spacing, the characters would shift and the image would break apart.

The process of creating ASCII art involves arranging symbols to mimic visual elements. Artists use several distinct techniques to achieve different effects. Line art uses individual characters to create the outlines of shapes.

Red-winged blackbird ASCII art
Red-winged blackbird ASCII art

Solid art focuses on creating filled-in objects by grouping dense characters together. Shading is another method where artists select symbols with varying intensities. This creates gradients or contrasts, making some areas appear darker than others. Some creators use "as-pixel" characters, which include block elements like █ or ▄. They also use Braille ASCII, which utilizes Braille patterns to form detailed pictures.

There are many specific styles and sub-genres within this medium. The simplest form is the emoticon, which uses two or three characters to express emotion. In Japan, a popular one-line style called kaomoji is used to represent faces.

Gikoneko01
Gikoneko01

More complex works include ASCII comics, which are webcomics where text or dialogue sits beneath ASCII-drawn images. Some artists specialize in "block ASCII" or "high ASCII." This style uses the extended 8-bit character set from IBM's proprietary code page 437. While some purists argue this is not true ASCII because it exceeds the original 128 characters, it remains a major part of the digital art scene.

The history of text-based art stretches back long before modern computers. Since 1867, typists have used typewriters to create visual art, often following guides in magazines.

Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06 (cropped)
Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06 (cropped)

In the 1960s, computer-art pioneer Kenneth Knowlton worked at Bell Labs to produce early digital examples. He and Leon Harmon created "Studies in Perception I" in 1966. Knowlton used line printers to create realistic images by overprinting characters on top of one another.

Dag Hammarskjöld - ASCII - teleprinter art -1962
Dag Hammarskjöld - ASCII - teleprinter art -1962

This era also saw the use of teleprinters, or TTY, which sent text images as early as 1923. However, many of these earliest radioteletype works have not yet been discovered.

ASCII art became widespread during the late 1970s and early 1980s via computer bulletin board systems (BBS). During this time, different computer hardware often used unique character sets. The Atari 400/800 systems used ATASCII, while the Commodore 64 used PETSCII, an extended form of ASCII-1963.

Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC
Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC

The 1990s saw a decline in popularity as graphical browsing and variable-width fonts became common. Despite this, the art survived in underground groups and specific digital communities. Groups like ACiD and ICE became famous for their high-quality work in the digital underground scene.

Today, ASCII art remains useful in many technical and creative fields. It is often used where transmitting graphics is difficult or impossible. You can find it in early e-mail, Usenet news messages, and message boards. It is also used within the source code of computer programs to display company logos.

NVIDIA ASCII logo
NVIDIA ASCII logo

Some programmers even use it to create flow control diagrams or complex logic port drawings. In the gaming world, the "roguelike" genre frequently uses ASCII art to represent dungeons and monsters. Even modern media players like VLC can display video converted into ASCII art.

Beyond simple communication, ASCII art connects to broader technological systems and subcultures. It serves as a bridge between pure text and visual design. It is used in .nfo files by "warez" groups to present software release notes.

ASCII notepad acidview compare
ASCII notepad acidview compare

The art also appears in game walkthrough guides and command-line applications like Neofetch. Whether it is a small emoticon or a massive, complex landscape, ASCII art demonstrates how simple data can be transformed into meaningful expression.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg
Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg
File:Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06 (cropped).png
Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06 (cropped).png
File:Dag Hammarskjöld - ASCII - teleprinter art -1962.jpg
Dag Hammarskjöld - ASCII - teleprinter...
File:ASCII full.svg
ASCII full.svg
File:ASCII Panzerhaubitze und Sattelzug.png
ASCII Panzerhaubitze und Sattelzug.png
NVIDIA ASCII logo.webp
File:ASCII notepad acidview compare.png
ASCII notepad acidview compare.png
File:Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png
Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png
File:Roy-csnewskool.png
Roy-csnewskool.png
File:Redwingblackbird1.jpg
Redwingblackbird1.jpg
File:Red-winged blackbird ASCII art.png
Red-winged blackbird ASCII art.png
File:bird converted to ASCII characters.png
bird converted to ASCII characters.png

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