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Teton Range

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The Teton Range is a striking part of the Rocky Mountains in North America.

Tetons-from-national-elk-refuge-march-2024
Tetons-from-national-elk-refuge-march-2024

This mountain range runs in a north-south direction through the state of Wyoming. It sits just east of the border with Idaho. Most of the eastern side of the range is located within Grand Teton National Park. The mountains are also situated just south of Yellowstone National Park. The range is famous for its dramatic elevation profile. Unlike many other ranges, the east side rises sharply from the valley floor. This happens because there are no significant foothills to hide the view.

Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)
Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)

The geological history of the Tetons involves processes that began 2.5 billion years ago. Long ago, sand and volcanic debris settled into an ancient ocean. Over millions of years, more sediment was deposited on top. Heat and pressure eventually caused a process called metamorphism. This changed the sediment into a rock known as gneiss. Later, magma was forced up through cracks in the gneiss. This cooled to form granite, which can be hundreds of feet thick. Other rocks, like black diabase dikes, are also visible on Mount Moran and Grand Teton.

Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)
Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)

Recent mountain building occurred between six and nine million years ago. During this time, the Earth's crust stretched and thinned. This movement caused activity along the Teton fault. The fault line created two distinct blocks of land. The west block rose upward to form the Teton Range. This makes the Tetons the youngest mountain range in the Rocky Mountains. Meanwhile, the east block fell to create the Jackson Hole valley. This specific movement is why the mountains look so steep from the east.

Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)
Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)

Different types of rock are visible depending on where you look in the range. Starting in the Cambrian period, sedimentary rocks formed in shallow seas. These were deposited over the older metamorphic basement rocks. Erosion and uplift have since exposed these different layers. On the east slope and in the Cathedral Group, you can see metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. On the west slope, you can see Paleozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks. As recently as 2.1 million years ago, Huckleberry Ridge Tuff was deposited on the north west slope.

Barns grand tetons
Barns grand tetons

There are several ways to explain the name of this mountain range. One theory involves early French voyageurs. They may have named the range "the three breasts" due to the shape of the peaks. Another theory links the name to the Teton Sioux. This group is also known as the Lakota people. The local Shoshone people may have also had a name for the area. It is likely they called the range "many pinnacles."

Barns grand tetons
Barns grand tetons

The range contains a central massif known as the Cathedral Group. This group includes several principal summits. These are Grand Teton, Mount Owen, Teewinot, Middle Teton, and South Teton.

Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)
Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of the Teton Range (view from the southeast)

Other notable peaks include Mount Moran, Mount Wister, Buck Mountain, and Static Peak. The Snake River is a major feature nearby. It flows southward through the valley before turning west to enter Idaho.

Barns grand tetons
Barns grand tetons

Because of their beauty, the Tetons have appeared in many famous works. The mountains and Jackson Hole served as a setting for several films. John Wayne made his acting debut in the 1930 film The Big Trail. The western classic Shane was also filmed here in 1953. In television, Mount Moran provided the backdrop for the series Land of the Lost. The range even appears in modern music culture. The mountains are shown on the cover of Kanye West's eighth studio album, Ye.

Barns grand tetons
Barns grand tetons
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Aerial image of the Cathedral Group of...
File:Barns grand tetons.jpg
Barns grand tetons.jpg
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Tetons-from-national-elk-refuge-march-2024.jpg
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