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Telescope

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A telescope is a tool used to see very far away objects.

Large 1923 0668 0003
Large 1923 0668 0003

These tools work by catching electromagnetic radiation. This is a type of energy that travels through space. Most telescopes look for light that we can see with our eyes. However, many other types look for different kinds of energy. This includes things like radio waves and X-rays. By catching this energy, telescopes help us study the whole universe.

Crab Nebula in Multiple Wavelengths 2
Crab Nebula in Multiple Wavelengths 2

There are a few different ways a telescope can work. An optical telescope uses curved parts to focus light. A refracting telescope uses glass lenses to do this. A reflecting telescope uses mirrors to gather and focus the light instead.

Newton telescope replica 1668
Newton telescope replica 1668

Some telescopes use a mix of both lenses and mirrors. Other types, like radio telescopes, use large dishes. These dishes act like big antennas to catch radio waves.

ALMA Greater than the Sum of its Parts (cropped)
ALMA Greater than the Sum of its Parts (cropped)

This allows them to hear signals from deep space.

The history of the telescope began in the early 1600s. The first known practical telescopes were made in the Netherlands. A spectacle maker named Hans Lipperhey applied for a patent in 1608. Other people like Jacob Metius and Zacharias Janssen are also linked to this time. In 1609, Galileo Galilei built his own version to look at the sky. Later, Isaac Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope in 1668.

100inchHooker
100inchHooker

This design changed how we look at the stars forever.

Scientists have built many amazing telescopes over the years. In 1857, people started using silver coated glass mirrors. By 1932, they began using aluminized mirrors instead. The first purpose-built radio telescope started working in 1937. Today, some reflecting telescopes have mirrors larger than 8 meters wide.

Auxilary VLT telescope
Auxilary VLT telescope

Some even have mirrors larger than 30 or 40 meters. These huge tools help us see much finer details in space.

Some telescopes must live in space to work well. This is because Earth's atmosphere blocks many types of energy. For example, X-rays and far-infrared light cannot pass through our air.

ASTRO-H soft X-ray mirror
ASTRO-H soft X-ray mirror

NASA has sent many telescopes into orbit to solve this. The Hubble Space Telescope looks at visible and ultraviolet light. The Spitzer Space Telescope looks at infrared radiation. Most recently, the James Webb Space Telescope launched on 25 December 2021.

Compton Gamma Ray Observatory grappeled by Atlantis (S37-99-056)
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory grappeled by Atlantis (S37-99-056)

It uses infrared light to see the universe.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:100inchHooker.jpg
100inchHooker.jpg
File:Large 1923 0668 0003 .jpg
Large 1923 0668 0003 .jpg
File:Newton telescope replica 1668.jpg
Newton telescope replica 1668.jpg
File:Crab Nebula in Multiple Wavelengths 2.png
Crab Nebula in Multiple Wavelengths 2.png
File:ALMA Greater than the Sum of its Parts (cropped).jpg
ALMA Greater than the Sum of its Parts...
File:Square Kilometre Array Organisation members.svg
Square Kilometre Array Organisation members.svg
File:Auxilary VLT telescope.png
Auxilary VLT telescope.png
File:ASTRO-H soft X-ray mirror.jpg
ASTRO-H soft X-ray mirror.jpg
File:Compton Gamma Ray Observatory grappeled by Atlantis (S37-99-056).jpg
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory grappeled...
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