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Tasmanian devil

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Tasmanian devil, known scientifically as *Sarcophilus harrisii*, is a carnivorous marsupial.

Tasmanian Devil markings
Tasmanian Devil markings

It is a member of the Dasyuridae family. This animal is the largest carnivorous marsupial currently living in the world. This title became true after the thylacine went extinct in 1936. While they are now only found on the island of Tasmania, they once lived across mainland Australia. They disappeared from the mainland approximately 3,500 years ago. Today, the devil is an iconic symbol of Tasmania and is used in many local logos.

The physical build of the devil is quite distinct. They have a stocky and muscular body covered in black fur. Many devils have irregular white patches on their chest and rump.

Tasmanian Devil markings
Tasmanian Devil markings

About 16% of wild devils have no white markings at all. These white patches may serve a protective purpose. They might draw biting attacks toward less vital parts of the body during fights. The devil also has a large head and neck. This anatomy allows them to produce some of the strongest bites per unit of body mass among living predatory land mammals.

Animaldentition sarcophilusharrisii
Animaldentition sarcophilusharrisii

Devils have unique ways of moving and staying active. Although they look round, they possess surprising speed and endurance. They can climb trees and swim across rivers. Most dasyurids are nocturnal, but the Tasmanian devil can thermoregulate effectively. This means they can manage their body temperature well. Because of this, they can be active during the middle of the day without overheating. They hunt live prey and also scavenge on carrion, which is meat from dead animals.

Devil-eating-roadkill
Devil-eating-roadkill

While they are usually solitary, they sometimes gather to eat or defecate in communal locations.

The history of how humans named the devil is quite complex. In 1807, naturalist George Harris wrote the first published description. He mistakenly thought it was a type of opossum. He named it *Didelphis ursina* because of its bear-like features. In 1841, French naturalist Pierre Boitard gave it the modern name *Sarcophilus harrisii*. This name translates to "Harris's flesh-lover."

Didelphis cynocephala and Didelphis ursina, 1808
Didelphis cynocephala and Didelphis ursina, 1808

Early explorers often gave the animal scary names like "Beelzebub's pup." They chose these names because of the animal's loud and disturbing nighttime screeches. They believed the species was implacably vicious.

The life cycle of a Tasmanian devil involves intense competition. Females can ovulate three times during a three-week mating season.

After a gestation period of three weeks, they give birth to 20 to 30 live young. The newborns are pink, hairless, and have very little facial definition. They stay in the mother's pouch for about 100 days. However, the pouch only has four nipples. This causes fierce competition among the many newborns, so few actually survive. The young grow quickly and become independent after about nine months.

Young tasmanian devils
Young tasmanian devils

Currently, the species faces a major threat from a disease. Since the late 1990s, Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) has drastically reduced their numbers.

Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour Disease
Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour Disease

This disease led to the species being declared endangered in 2008. Scientists have studied the genetics of the population to understand this threat. Devils have low genetic diversity, which can be caused by a "founder effect." Research shows that devils in eastern Tasmania have less MHC diversity than those in the west. This lower diversity makes them more vulnerable to the disease. However, recent research suggests wild populations may be rapidly evolving a resistance to DFTD.

To protect the species, the Australian government created the Save the Tasmanian Devil Program. Starting in 2013, devils began being sent to zoos worldwide to help the population.

Sarcophilus harrisii -Healesville Sanctuary-8a
Sarcophilus harrisii -Healesville Sanctuary-8a

This effort aims to ensure the survival of this important animal. The devil remains a major attractor for tourists to Tasmania. It has also gained worldwide fame through the Looney Tunes character of the same name.

Taz Looney Tunes parade
Taz Looney Tunes parade

Understanding the devil's biology and history helps us work toward saving them.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Jenolan Caves Tasmanian Devil jaw.jpg
Jenolan Caves Tasmanian Devil jaw.jpg
File:Karyotype of Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus Harrisii).png
Karyotype of Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus...
File:Tasmanian Devil markings.jpg
Tasmanian Devil markings.jpg
File:Animaldentition sarcophilusharrisii.png
Animaldentition sarcophilusharrisii.png
File:Tasmanian devil skeleton.jpg
Tasmanian devil skeleton.jpg
File:Tasmanian Devil resting.jpg
Tasmanian Devil resting.jpg
File:Devil-eating-roadkill.jpg
Devil-eating-roadkill.jpg
File:Tasmanian Devils feeding.jpg
Tasmanian Devils feeding.jpg
File:Tasmanina Devil development.PNG
Tasmanina Devil development.PNG
File:Young tasmanian devils.jpg
Young tasmanian devils.jpg
File:Didelphis cynocephala and Didelphis ursina, 1808.jpg
Didelphis cynocephala and Didelphis...
File:Tasmanian Devil roadsign.jpg
Tasmanian Devil roadsign.jpg

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