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Tarot card games

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Tarot games are a family of card games played with specialized packs.

Tarokkparti
Tarokkparti

Unlike standard decks, these packs include a permanent trump suit alongside the usual four suits. In many languages, these games are called tarocchi in Italian or Tarock in German. They remain highly popular across Europe. In France, French tarot is the second most popular card game after Belote. Austria is also a major center for the games, particularly for Königrufen.

Joueurs de tarot
Joueurs de tarot

National and international tournaments are held there every year. The games are also played in Italy, Hungary, Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Czechia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Denmark, southern Germany, and southern Poland.

The mechanism of play relies on trick-taking and specific suit rules.

Tarockkarten in der Hand eines Spielers
Tarockkarten in der Hand eines Spielers

Most rules are designed for three or four players. Players can compete as individuals or in fixed partnerships. Play typically moves in an anti-clockwise direction. When a player leads a suit, others must follow that suit if they have it. If a player cannot follow the suit, they must play a trump if possible. After all cards are played, players count points from the cards captured in their tricks. The winner is the player with the highest total score.

Tarot decks vary significantly in size and composition based on regional rules.

TarockTrull
TarockTrull

A complete French tarot deck contains 78 cards. This includes 14 cards in each of the four suits. These suits consist of numbered "pip" cards from one to ten and four court cards: a Jack, a Knight, a Queen, and a King. Additionally, there are 21 trumps that act as a permanent suit. Some regional games use smaller subsets. Austrian-Hungarian Tarock and Italian Tarocco decks may use only 63, 54, 40, or 36 cards. These smaller decks remove certain ranks to increase the chance of a "void" or short suit.

The history of these cards began in northern Italy around 1425.

Tarot Belgijski - A22 - Głupiec
Tarot Belgijski - A22 - Głupiec

An early example of a trump suit was ordered by Filippo Maria Visconti around 1420. This set included 16 trumps featuring images of Greek and Roman gods. Martiano da Tortona provided a basic description of these cards in a manuscript before 1425. From Italy, the games spread to France and Switzerland in the 16th century. They reached Belgium in the late 17th century. By the 18th century, they had spread to most of Europe, except for the British Isles, the Iberian peninsula, and the Balkans.

It is important to distinguish the history of gaming from the history of divination.

Taroky taroky
Taroky taroky

For many centuries, tarot cards were used purely for gaming. The association with the occult and fortune-telling did not become widespread until the 18th century. In 1781, Court de Gébelin published an essay linking the cards to ancient wisdom. Although these ideas were later debunked, they led to the use of cards for cartomancy. Today, many fortune-tellers use specially developed decks rather than the decks used for traditional games.

Scoring in tarot games can appear complex due to its historical evolution.

TarockTrull
TarockTrull

Originally, card values were one point lower than their current standard. For example, a King was worth 4 points instead of 5. Every trick taken also scored one point. To simplify things, players eventually fused these two processes into one calculation. In 54-card Tarock games, a common method is counting in packets of three. A player groups one high-value "counting card" with two "low cards." The entire triplet then scores the value of the counting card. For instance, a Queen and two low cards would score exactly 4 points.

Special cards, known as the "Trull" or "Honours," hold significant value in many versions.

TarockTrull
TarockTrull

In Central European Tarock, these include the Fool (also called the Sküs or the Excuse), the Mond (Trump XXI), and the Pagat (Trump I). These three cards are particularly important for scoring. In many games, the Fool can act as the strongest trump or excuse a player from following suit. The ranking of cards can also be archaic. While Kings are usually high, the specific order of other cards depends on the regional rules being used.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Tarokkparti.jpg
Tarokkparti.jpg
File:Tarockkarten in der Hand eines Spielers.jpg
Tarockkarten in der Hand eines Spielers.jpg
File:TarockTrull.jpg
TarockTrull.jpg
File:Joueurs de tarot.JPG
Joueurs de tarot.JPG
File:Tarot Belgijski - A22 - Głupiec.jpg
Tarot Belgijski - A22 - Głupiec.jpg
File:Taroky taroky.jpg
Taroky taroky.jpg
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