Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Taitung County

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Taitung County is a major administrative division located on the southeastern coast of Taiwan.

Flag of Taitung County
Flag of Taitung County

It is the third largest county in the country, following Hualien County and Nantou County. The county territory consists of the mainland area and two significant islands: Green Island and Orchid Island. While the name translates to "Eastern Taiwan," many local residents refer to the area as "Houshan." This term means "behind the mountains" or "the back mountains."

Txu-oclc-6557994-index-454
Txu-oclc-6557994-index-454

The county seat is Taitung City, which serves as the center for local government.

The geography of the region is defined by its varied terrain and coastal access. A long coastline borders the Pacific Ocean, providing many harbors such as Chenggong Fish Harbor. In the northern half of the county, the Huatung Valley runs through the landscape. The area is divided into several distinct administrative types. These include one city, two urban townships, eight rural townships, and five mountain indigenous townships. Because of the mountainous terrain, Taitung has the second highest number of mountain indigenous townships in Taiwan, surpassed only by Pingtung County.

Taitung County Government
Taitung County Government

Taitung has a complex political and administrative history spanning several eras. In 1887, the area was established as Taitung Prefecture under the Fujian-Taiwan Province of the Qing dynasty.

Taito Prefectural Office
Taito Prefectural Office

During the period of Japanese rule, the region was administered as Taitō Prefecture. Following the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China on 25 October 1945, the area underwent a transition. On 25 December 1945, Taitung was officially established as a county of Taiwan Province. After the streamlining of Taiwan Province in 1998, the county began to be governed directly by the Executive Yuan.

The physical isolation of Taitung has shaped its demographic and economic development. Because mountains separated the region from Taiwan's main population centers, it was one of the last areas colonized by Han Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century. This remoteness meant that Taitung remained an economic backwater throughout much of the 20th century. However, this isolation also served as a protective factor. It allowed the county to mostly escape the intense urbanization and pollution seen in the lowland areas of the island. Today, the population stands at 234,123 people, making it a relatively sparsely populated region.

Taitung is a vital center for indigenous culture in Taiwan. The county is home to seven different aboriginal ethnicities: the Amis, Bunun, Kavalan, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, and Yami.

Taitung Art Museum03
Taitung Art Museum03

Indigenous people make up 35.5% of the total population. This is the largest proportion of aboriginal residents of any county or city in Taiwan. Because these groups were less affected by Han Chinese settlement, their cultures remain deeply integrated into everyday society. Visitors can explore this heritage at the National Museum of Prehistory or the Taitung Aboriginal Gallery.

The islands within the county have their own unique and sometimes difficult histories. Green Island once served as an infamous penal colony for political prisoners during the "White Terror" period. This occurred under the Chinese Nationalist (KMT) rule between 1947 and the end of martial law in 1987.

Orchid Island is the home of the Tao people, who are closely related to the indigenous people of the northern Philippines. While Orchid Island is a major tourist attraction, it has also been the site of controversy. The government-operated Taiwan Power Company uses part of the island as a nuclear waste dump. To provide power to the area, the Lanyu Power Plant operates on the island with a capacity of 6.5 MW.

Travel and infrastructure connect this remote region to the rest of Taiwan. The county is served by the Taitung Airport on the mainland, as well as airports on Green Island and Orchid Island.

Taitung Airport 02
Taitung Airport 02

For land travel, two major railway lines cross the county: the South-Link Line and the Hualien–Taitung Line. These lines include several stations such as Chishang, Taitung, and Zhiben. The region also offers many natural and cultural sites for exploration. These include the Baxian Caves, the Zhiben National Forest Recreation Area, and the Luye Jinja.

Luye Jinja in Taitung
Luye Jinja in Taitung

From the coast to the mountains, Taitung remains a diverse and culturally rich part of the island.

685 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Taito Prefectural Office.JPG
Taito Prefectural Office.JPG
File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-454.jpg
Txu-oclc-6557994-index-454.jpg
File:Taitung County Government.jpg
Taitung County Government.jpg
File:台東縣議會.JPG
台東縣議會.JPG
File:Rao Ching-ling.png
Rao Ching-ling.png
File:Taitung Art Museum03.jpg
Taitung Art Museum03.jpg
File:Luye Jinja in Taitung.jpg
Luye Jinja in Taitung.jpg
File:Taitung Airport 02.jpg
Taitung Airport 02.jpg
File:Flag of Hualien County.svg
Flag of Hualien County.svg
File:Kaohsiung flag.svg
Kaohsiung flag.svg
File:Pingtung County flag.svg
Pingtung County flag.svg
File:Flag of Taitung County.svg
Flag of Taitung County.svg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.