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Kaohsiung

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Kaohsiung is a major special municipality in southern Taiwan.

Kaohsiung labelled map
Kaohsiung labelled map

It is the largest city in Taiwan by land area. The city covers a diverse landscape. It stretches from coastal urban centers to the rural Yushan Range.

JadeMountainSouthernPeak
JadeMountainSouthernPeak

Approximately 2.72 million people live in this region. It is Taiwan's third most populous city. Kaohsiung serves as a vital economic hub for the southern part of the island. It is classified as a "Sufficiency" level global city. This means it has high connectivity to the rest of the world.

The city's economy relies on several heavy industries. These include manufacturing, steel-making, and oil refining. Shipbuilding and freight transport are also very important.

Downtown Kaohsiung Skyline 20211017
Downtown Kaohsiung Skyline 20211017

The Port of Kaohsiung is the largest and busiest harbor in Taiwan. It is a central point for global trade. More than 67% of the nation's import and export container volume passes through this port.

高雄港 Kaohsiung Harbor 全貌 (62571253)
高雄港 Kaohsiung Harbor 全貌 (62571253)

Aviation is another major sector. Kaohsiung International Airport is the second busiest airport in Taiwan by passenger numbers.

高雄國際機場
高雄國際機場

The city is also a military center. It hosts the Republic of China Navy fleet headquarters and its naval academy.

The geography of Kaohsiung is defined by its relationship with the water. The city sits on the southwestern coast facing the Taiwan Strait.

Kaohsiung-skyline-2018
Kaohsiung-skyline-2018

It borders Tainan City to the northwest. It also touches Chiayi, Nantou, Taitung, and Pingtung counties. The downtown area is centered around Kaohsiung Harbor. Cijin Island sits across the harbor to act as a natural breakwater.

Ddm 2004 028 Kaohsiung Harbor
Ddm 2004 028 Kaohsiung Harbor

The Love River flows through the city and into the harbor. To the north lies the Zuoying Military Harbor. Natural landmarks like Ape Hill and Mount Banping add to the landscape.

Human activity in this region dates back thousands of years. Archaeological studies show signs of life from 4,700 to 5,200 years ago.

Makatao
Makatao

Early inhabitants included the Dapenkeng, Niuchouzi, Dahu, and Niaosong civilizations. The Makatao people of the Siraya tribe also settled here. They called the area Takau, which likely means "bamboo forest."

Ancient inhabitants lived in hunter-gatherer societies. They used the harbor, which was once a lagoon. Some archaeological sites like Longquan Temple are well preserved. These ruins help us understand how early people lived near the coast.

The name of the city has changed many times through history. In the 17th century, the Dutch called the area Tancoia.

In 1662, the Kingdom of Tungning expelled the Dutch. Later, the name "Takau" became popular again. During Japanese rule, the name was changed to Takao.

Takow harbour, Formosa by John Thomson Wellcome L0056431 (cropped)
Takow harbour, Formosa by John Thomson Wellcome L0056431 (cropped)

In 1920, it was administered as Takao Prefecture. After the Republic of China took control, the name became Kaohsiung. This was based on the Mandarin pronunciation of the characters. The name Takau is still used by some local businesses.

Modern development has transformed the city's infrastructure. Japan helped turn Takao into an industrial center during the early 20th century. They developed the harbor and connected the city to the North-South Railway.

Kaohsiung Station and the city 2017-10-30
Kaohsiung Station and the city 2017-10-30

After World War II, the Republic of China restored the damaged port. Kaohsiung grew rapidly and eventually became a special municipality in 1979. In 2010, the city merged with Kaohsiung County.

Kaohsiung-Tainan before and after 2010
Kaohsiung-Tainan before and after 2010

This merger created an even larger administrative area. Today, the city is well-connected by high-speed rail and national freeways.

Recently, Kaohsiung has focused on culture and tourism. New public works have changed the feel of the city. The Pier-2 Art Center is a notable example. The National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts and the Kaohsiung Music Center are also important.

Kaohsiung MRT Train at World Games Station
Kaohsiung MRT Train at World Games Station

These sites help grow the local tourism industry. The city also has a strong political identity. It has become a center for the Pan-Green population in Taiwan. This makes Kaohsiung a significant place for the nation's political life.

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🖼️ Images & Media (33)
File:Map of Taiwan (Formosa) in 1880, from- Stanford's map of the empires of China and Japan with the adjacent parts of the Russian Empire, India, Burma etc. LOC 2006458442 (cropped).jpg
Map of Taiwan (Formosa) in 1880, from-...
File:Harbor Takao.jpg
Harbor Takao.jpg
File:Makatao.jpg
Makatao.jpg
File:Takow harbour, Formosa by John Thomson Wellcome L0056431 (cropped).jpg
Takow harbour, Formosa by John Thomson...
File:2010 07 鳳山縣舊城南門圓環.jpg
2010 07 鳳山縣舊城南門圓環.jpg
File:Kaohsiung Station and the city 2017-10-30.jpg
Kaohsiung Station and the city 2017-10-30.jpg
File:Kaohsiung-Tainan before and after 2010.svg
Kaohsiung-Tainan before and after 2010.svg
File:JadeMountainSouthernPeak.jpg
JadeMountainSouthernPeak.jpg
File:高雄港_Kaohsiung_Harbor_全貌_(62571253).jpeg
高雄港_Kaohsiung_Harbor_全貌_(62571253).jpeg
File:Downtown Kaohsiung Skyline 20211017.jpg
Downtown Kaohsiung Skyline 20211017.jpg
File:Kaohsiung Tuntex Sky Tower.jpg
Kaohsiung Tuntex Sky Tower.jpg
File:Former British Consulate at Takao.jpg
Former British Consulate at Takao.jpg

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