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Tabloid journalism

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Tabloid journalism is a popular style of news writing characterized by sensationalism. This means the content focuses on shocking or exciting stories to attract readers. The term comes from the tabloid newspaper format, which is a small-sized paper also known as a half broadsheet. While the name refers to size, the style is defined by its content. Not all small newspapers use this style of journalism. Interestingly, many large broadsheet newspapers have converted to the compact tabloid format since around the year 2000. Some people even call these publications "rags."

This style of news has deep roots in history. Before modern tabloids, there were scandal sheets. These precursors appeared in London around 1770 and reached the United States by the 1840s. One early editor was Reverend Henry Bate Dudley, who ran The Morning Post. His paper specialized in malicious society gossip. Some editors even collected fees to keep stories from being published. Other famous scandal sheets included John Bull and The Age. These papers often focused on the lurid or profane to make money.

In the United States, scandal sheets were sometimes used for extortion or blackmail. One popular example was the National Police Gazette. In the 1920s, a journalist named John L. Morrison wrote a paper called the Rip-saw in Duluth, Minnesota. He used the paper to accuse public officials of corruption and drunkenness. This led to legal battles. After Morrison claimed a senator threatened him, a new law was passed in 1925. This Public Nuisance Bill allowed a judge to stop a publication forever without a jury. However, the U.S. Supreme Court later found such gag laws to be unconstitutional.

Another major type of tabloid is the supermarket tabloid. These are large, national versions of tabloids usually published weekly. They are named for their placement near supermarket checkout lines. In the 1960s, the National Enquirer began selling magazines in supermarkets as an alternative to newsstands. They even offered to buy back unsold issues to keep their displays fresh. These tabloids, including the Globe and the Star, are distributed through magazine channels. Many are published by American Media, Inc. They often use aggressive tactics to drive sales.

Because these stories can be inaccurate, they often lead to legal issues regarding libel. Libel occurs when a publication prints false information that defames a person's reputation. A major turning point occurred in 1976 when actress Carol Burnett sued the National Enquirer. The paper had falsely reported she was drunk during an encounter with Henry Kissinger. This lawsuit increased the willingness of celebrities to sue for libel. Other famous figures, such as Phil McGraw and Richard Simmons, have also taken legal action. Some tabloids also use a tactic called "catch and kill."

"Catch and kill" is a specific process used to manage news. A tabloid may pay for the exclusive rights to a story. Instead of publishing the news, they choose to bury it. This can be used to protect allies or hide embarrassing information. For example, American Media has been accused of burying stories involving Arnold Schwarzenegger, Donald Trump, and Harvey Weinstein. In the United Kingdom, a specific group of tabloids is known as "red tops." This name comes from their red mastheads. Examples include The Sun and the Daily Mirror. These papers use short stories, simple language, and many pictures.

In the 21st century, tabloid journalism has undergone a massive shift. Much of the industry has moved to online platforms and digital media. This change helps news reach more people and keeps up with modern technology. Today, these digital formats often target younger consumers with celebrity news and entertainment. While many paid newspapers have declined, free daily online articles have filled the gap. However, these digital tabloids can sometimes depict inaccurate news or misrepresent situations. This evolution shows how the way we consume news changes with the times.

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File:British tabloids - July 5 2011.jpg
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