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Sup'ung Dam

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The Sup'ung Dam is a massive concrete gravity dam. It sits on the Yalu River between China and North Korea.

Sup'ung Dam seen from a satellite
Sup'ung Dam seen from a satellite

Specifically, it is located between Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County in China and Sakju County in North Korea. A gravity dam is a structure that uses its own immense weight to hold back water. Behind the dam, a large reservoir called Supung Lake has formed. This reservoir serves as a storage area for water used in energy production. The dam is so significant that it is featured on the national emblem of North Korea.

This dam functions as a hydroelectric power station. It converts the energy of flowing water into electricity. The main station at the base of the dam uses six Francis turbine-generators. These are specialized machines that use water to create power. Each of these six generators has a capacity of 105 MW. The water provides an average hydraulic head of 30 meters. A hydraulic head is the vertical distance the water falls to create energy. This process allows the dam to generate a massive amount of electricity for the region.

The dam system includes several distinct parts and types of power generation. The primary power station has a capacity of 630 MW. This electricity is shared evenly between China and North Korea. In 1983, China began building an additional power station just downstream on the Chinese side. This second station uses two 67.5 MW Francis turbine generators. The first was commissioned in 1987, and the second followed in 1988. When you combine both stations, the total installed capacity is 765 MW.

Sui-ho Dam under construction
Sui-ho Dam under construction

The history of the dam began in 1937. During this time, Japan was colonizing Korea. The Yalu Hydroelectric Company was established to begin construction. In 1939, the Pyeongbuk Railway opened a rail line to help move supplies. By 1941, two 100 MW generators were operational. The emperor of Manchukuo, Puyi, even visited the site during this period. Construction was completed in 1943. At that time, it was the largest dam in Asia and the third-largest hydroelectric power station in the world.

The dam has faced many historical challenges. After World War II, the Soviet Union occupied the area in 1947. They dismantled three of the seven generators and moved them to the Irtysh River dam in Kazakhstan. These generators were eventually re-installed during the 1950s. During the Korean War, the United Nations Command targeted the dam three times. They wanted to disrupt the power supply for North Korea. On June 23 and 24, 1952, 250 bombers and fighters dropped 90 tons of munitions. This attack destroyed the power station but left the dam itself intact.

Maintenance and repairs have been necessary throughout its life. Flooding in 1946 damaged the stilling basin and destroyed the spillway. A spillway is a structure used to release extra water safely. Repairs were made in 1947 and again between 1949 and 1950. From 1955 to 1958, permanent post-war repairs were completed. These repairs included replacing the generators removed by the Soviets. The most recent major renovation took place between 2009 and 2011. This project cost US$24.5 million and was funded by the State Grid Corporation of China.

Sup'ung Dam seen from a satellite
Sup'ung Dam seen from a satellite

The engineering of the dam is quite complex. The main spillway consists of 26 sluice gates. These gates can discharge a maximum of 5,000 cubic meters per second. There is also an auxiliary spillway to the north. This one has 16 sluice gates with a capacity of 2,500 cubic meters per second. The reservoir has a total capacity of 2,150 million cubic meters. Of that amount, 1,200 million cubic meters is useful for generating power. The dam remains the largest hydroelectric power station on the Yalu River today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:Sui-ho Dam under construction.JPG
Sui-ho Dam under construction.JPG
File:Sup'ung Dam seen from a satellite.png
Sup'ung Dam seen from a satellite.png
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