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Su Shi

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Su Shi was a monumental figure of the Song dynasty in China.

Su Shi
Su Shi

He was a true polymath, meaning he mastered many different fields of study. He was a poet, an essayist, a calligrapher, and a painter. Beyond the arts, he served as a scholar-official and a pharmacologist. He was also a noted gastronome, which is a person with a deep knowledge of food. Scholars like Zhu Gang and Wang Shuizhao suggest his cultural influence is immense. They argue his impact on Chinese values rivals that of great philosophers like Mencius or Zhuangzi.

Su shi-calligraphy
Su shi-calligraphy

Su Shi's creative output was incredibly vast and varied. He is credited with writing approximately 2,700 poems and 800 letters. His mastery included several poetic styles, such as the shi, the fu, and the ci. The ci style is particularly important to his legacy. He wrote about 350 ci poems, which are a form of lyric poetry. His prose included many essays on complex topics. He wrote about travel literature and even the technical details of the iron industry.

Yuan Dynasty - waterwheels and smelting
Yuan Dynasty - waterwheels and smelting

His early life in Meishan shaped his character and education. His father, Su Xun, gave him the name Shi. This name refers to the crossbar railing of a chariot. Su Xun hoped the name would encourage his son to be unassuming. However, Su Shi was famously outspoken and conspicuous. He received a diverse education starting with a Daoist priest. Later, his mother, Lady Cheng, and his father provided homeschooling. He studied classical literature, philosophy, and historical texts for over ten years. This preparation allowed him to pass the highest civil service examinations at age 19.

Su Shi
Su Shi

Su Shi's professional life was a journey of both high honors and deep frustration. After passing the jinshi examinations, he gained the patronage of the famous writer Ouyang Xiu. He held various provincial posts across China for twenty years. In Hangzhou, he was responsible for building a pedestrian causeway across West Lake. This structure is known as the Su Causeway. He also served as a magistrate in Mi Prefecture and as a governor in Xuzhou. In Xuzhou, he even wrote a memorial regarding the economic state of the iron industry.

Tiny-olive-stone-boat-chen-tsu-chang
Tiny-olive-stone-boat-chen-tsu-chang

Political rivalries often disrupted his career. Su Shi frequently clashed with the reformist faction led by Wang Anshi. He wrote poetry that criticized specific government policies, such as the state monopoly on salt. These criticisms led to several periods of political exile. His first exile lasted from 1080 to 1086 in Huangzhou, Hubei. During this time, he lived in poverty and practiced Buddhist meditation. He lived on a farm called Dongpo, or "Eastern Slope." This location gave him his famous art name, Dongpo.

Dongpo-memorial
Dongpo-memorial

His second period of exile occurred from 1094 to 1100. He was sent to the remote areas of Huizhou and Danzhou in Hainan. Even during these difficult years, his artistic talents flourished. He wrote many of his best poems while in Hubei. He also produced his most famous calligraphy, known as Han Shi Tie. In Hainan, the Dongpo Academy was eventually built on the site of his former residence.

Dongpo-memorial
Dongpo-memorial

Su Shi's personal life was deeply connected to his writing. He was married three times, and each relationship influenced his work. He wrote moving poems for his first wife, Wang Fu, after her death. His second wife, Wang Runzhi, supported him through many years of political struggle. His third wife, Wang Zhaoyun, was his companion during his final years of exile. He expressed great gratitude for her companionship in his poetry.

Su Shi
Su Shi

Today, Su Shi remains a beloved icon in Chinese culture. His influence extends to the culinary world through the famous dish Dongpo pork.

Dongpo pork by superturtle
Dongpo pork by superturtle

His poetry remains popular in China and Japan. In English-speaking countries, his work is known through translations by scholars like Burton Watson. People continue to honor him by collecting his calligraphy and visiting his shrines. His life serves as a bridge between the intellectual elite and the general public.

Su Shi-Vieil arbre et rocher étrange
Su Shi-Vieil arbre et rocher étrange
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Su Shi.jpg
Su Shi.jpg
File:Su shi-calligraphy.jpg
Su shi-calligraphy.jpg
File:Dongpo-memorial.JPG
Dongpo-memorial.JPG
File:Tiny-olive-stone-boat-chen-tsu-chang.jpg
Tiny-olive-stone-boat-chen-tsu-chang.jpg
File:Yuan Dynasty - waterwheels and smelting.png
Yuan Dynasty - waterwheels and smelting.png
File:Dongpo pork by superturtle.jpg
Dongpo pork by superturtle.jpg
File:Su Shi-Vieil arbre et rocher étrange.jpg
Su Shi-Vieil arbre et rocher étrange.jpg
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