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Strike action

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A strike, also known as a labor strike, is a work stoppage. It happens when employees refuse to work as a group. This mass refusal is usually a response to employee grievances. A grievance is a formal complaint about unfair treatment or conditions.

Munkácsy Sztrájk 1895
Munkácsy Sztrájk 1895

Strikes serve as a way to pressure employers or governments. They can demand better pay, safer environments, or changes to laws. Sometimes, these actions become part of larger social movements. These movements may aim to change how a country is governed.

Strikes have existed since ancient times. The first certain account of a strike occurred in ancient Egypt in 1152 BCE. Artisans at the Royal Necropolis of Deir el-Medina stopped working. They protested because the government of Ramesses III failed to pay their wages. The government eventually ended the strike by raising their wages.

Il cosiddetto 'Papiro dello sciopero' scritto da Amunnakht Recto
Il cosiddetto 'Papiro dello sciopero' scritto da Amunnakht Recto

In ancient Rome, a group called the plebeians practiced a form of general strike. They did this to protest the enslavement of their friends by creditors. The Talmud also records that bakers once went on strike to protest conditions.

During the Industrial Revolution, strikes became much more frequent. This era saw the rise of a massive industrial working class. These people lived in cities and traded their labor for money. In 1842, a major general strike exploded across Britain. It began in the coal mines of Staffordshire after a political petition was rejected. The strike spread to cotton mills in Lancashire and many other regions.

Theodor Kittelsen Streik 1879
Theodor Kittelsen Streik 1879

At its peak, over 500,000 men participated in this strike. This movement helped workers organize to bargain collectively with employers.

Strikes can also be used to influence political power. In March 1920, a general strike occurred in Weimar Germany. It was called by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) to fight the Kapp Putsch. The strike was so broad that it caused the putsch to collapse. In Poland, strikes played a vital role in ending communist rule.

Strajk sierpniowy w Stoczni Gdańskiej im. Lenina 09
Strajk sierpniowy w Stoczni Gdańskiej im. Lenina 09

The 1980 Gdańsk Shipyard strike and the 1981 strike led by Lech Wałęsa were key. These events helped the fall of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe.

There are many different types of strike actions. A general strike involves many large groups of workers in a region. A jurisdictional strike happens in the United States when unions fight over specific job assignments. Some workers use a "black ban" to protect the economic interests of strikers. In Australia, workers developed "green bans" for environmental conservation.

Other forms include a hunger strike, where people refuse to eat for political protest. There is also a byline strike, where writers withhold their names from stories.

Strikes can also take the form of partial work stoppages. An overtime ban occurs when employees refuse to work extra hours to frustrate a business. This can sometimes function as a slowdown. Activists may also form "flying squads" to picket and disrupt production. These groups might support other strikers or oppose abusive landlords.

Battle strike 1934
Battle strike 1934

Such actions are often seen as part of a broader struggle against specific economic systems.

In the United States, the frequency of strikes has changed over time. In 1937, there were 4,740 strikes, which was a massive wave in American history. Later, the number of major strikes and lockouts fell significantly. Between 1970 and 2010, the number of major strikes dropped from 381 to only 11. However, there was a surge in activity in 2018 and 2019. During those years, about 3.1% of union members participated in work stoppages. These recent strikes involved an average of 20,000 workers per major stoppage.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:Munkácsy Sztrájk 1895.JPG
Munkácsy Sztrájk 1895.JPG
Il cosiddetto 'Papiro dello sciopero'...
File:"Der Streik" von Robert Koehler.jpg
"Der Streik" von Robert Koehler.jpg
File:Theodor Kittelsen Streik 1879.jpg
Theodor Kittelsen Streik 1879.jpg
File:Women Picket during Ladies Tailors Strike, 02-1910 (11192045794) (cropped).jpg
Women Picket during Ladies Tailors...
File:Battle strike 1934.jpg
Battle strike 1934.jpg
File:FORA Demonstration.jpg
FORA Demonstration.jpg
File:Strajk sierpniowy w Stoczni Gdańskiej im. Lenina 09.jpg
Strajk sierpniowy w Stoczni Gdańskiej im....
File:La grève des mineurs du Pas-de-Calais, 1906.jpg
La grève des mineurs du Pas-de-Calais, 1906.jpg
File:Display of demands during the 2016 Verisure strike in Châtenay-Malabry - NAO - 2016-03-31.jpg
Display of demands during the 2016...
File:Striker assembly.jpg
Striker assembly.jpg
File:Giant inflatable rat.jpg
Giant inflatable rat.jpg

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