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South Yorkshire

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

South Yorkshire is a ceremonial county located in Northern England. It sits within the larger Yorkshire and the Humber region.

South Yorkshire UK locator map 2010
South Yorkshire UK locator map 2010

The county shares borders with several other areas. To the north are North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire. The East Riding of Yorkshire lies to the north-east. To the east is Lincolnshire. To the south-east is Nottinghamshire. Finally, Derbyshire borders the county to the south and west.

South Yorkshire numbered districts
South Yorkshire numbered districts

The physical landscape of South Yorkshire changes significantly from west to east. In the west, the terrain is dominated by the Pennines. This upland area includes part of the Peak District National Park. The geology here features carboniferous rocks like millstone grit sandstones. These create moorland plateaus and gritstone edges known as the Dark Peak. As you move east, the high hills descend into steep valleys. The land then transitions into rolling arable farmland. This farmland sits on limestone. In the far east, the landscape becomes the flat Humberhead Levels.

South Yorkshire County
South Yorkshire County

Natural resources have shaped the geography and economy of this region. The South Yorkshire coalfield lies beneath Barnsley, Doncaster, and parts of Sheffield. This geological feature contains coal and iron deposits. The rivers running from the Pennines also play a vital role. The River Don starts in the western hills. It flows east through Sheffield, Rotherham, and Doncaster. Other major rivers include the Rother and the Dearne. These rivers provided the water needed for the steel industry. The proximity of coal, iron, and water made the area ideal for manufacturing.

East of the lake at Rother Valley Country Park (geograph 7049522)
East of the lake at Rother Valley Country Park (geograph 7049522)

Human history in the region stretches back many thousands of years. Archaeologists have found prehistoric remains at Deepcar in northern Sheffield. This site contains a Mesolithic stone circle from around 8000 BC. Even older evidence exists nearby at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire. Artifacts and rock art there date back at least 12,800 years. During the Roman period, the region served as a frontier for the Roman Empire. Much later, the main settlements grew around mining and steel industries. Coal mining was concentrated in the north and east. Steel manufacturing focused near the rivers in the west and in places like Stocksbridge.

The modern political structure of the county was formed through specific legal changes. In 1965, the Local Government Commission proposed a new county called York and North Midlands. Later, the 1969 Redcliffe-Maud Report suggested removing the old system of urban and rural districts. This report argued that urban areas provided essential services for rural dwellers. Although the Conservative government initially rejected these ideas, they committed to reform. The Local Government Act 1972 eventually established South Yorkshire on 1 April 1974.

Arms of South Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council
Arms of South Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council

This act created a two-tier system of metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties.

Today, South Yorkshire is organized into four metropolitan boroughs.

SYorks-Barnsley
SYorks-Barnsley

These are Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and Sheffield.

SYorks-Doncaster
SYorks-Doncaster

Sheffield is the largest settlement and is located in the south.

SYorks-Rotherham
SYorks-Rotherham

Rotherham sits immediately north-east of Sheffield.

SYorks-Sheffield
SYorks-Sheffield

Doncaster is the eastern city, while Barnsley is in the north. In 1986, the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The functions of the county council were moved to the boroughs and joint-boards. These boards manage services like fire, police, and public transport. The boroughs now work together through the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority.

The county remains a unique place with diverse cultural and physical features. It contains a mix of busy urban centers and quiet green spaces. Much of the land is protected by a green belt established in the 1950s. You can see evidence of the past through old mine buildings and steel plants. The area is also known for its specific social characteristics. For example, it has a relatively high number of followers of spiritualism. It is the only county recognized as a full region by the Spiritualists' National Union. From the high Pennines to the flat levels, the county connects many different landscapes.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:South Yorkshire UK locator map 2010.svg
South Yorkshire UK locator map 2010.svg
File:South Yorkshire numbered districts.svg
South Yorkshire numbered districts.svg
File:South Yorkshire County.png
South Yorkshire County.png
File:SYorks-Barnsley.png
SYorks-Barnsley.png
File:SYorks-Doncaster.png
SYorks-Doncaster.png
File:SYorks-Rotherham.png
SYorks-Rotherham.png
File:SYorks-Sheffield.png
SYorks-Sheffield.png
File:Arms of South Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council.svg
Arms of South Yorkshire Metropolitan...
File:East of the lake at Rother Valley Country Park (geograph 7049522).jpg
East of the lake at Rother Valley Country...
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