Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Solicitor

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A solicitor is a legal professional who manages most legal matters in various parts of the world. They provide advice and conduct legal proceedings for their clients. To work as a solicitor, a person must meet specific legal qualifications. These requirements change depending on the jurisdiction, which is the specific area or country where the law applies. In England and Wales, for instance, solicitors are admitted under the Solicitors Act 1974. Most practicing solicitors must also hold a valid practicing certificate to perform their duties.

In many legal systems, the profession is split into two distinct roles. These roles are the solicitor and the barrister. In places like England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland, the split remains. Some countries, like South Africa, use the term "attorney" instead of solicitor. In Scotland, the second role is called an advocate. However, other nations have a "fused" profession. In Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Singapore, lawyers can hold the title of "barrister and solicitor." This allows them to perform the duties of both roles.

Australia provides a unique example of how these roles can overlap. Regulation in Australia varies by state, but admission is based on each individual state. Through mutual recognition, a practitioner admitted in one state can practice in others. In all Australian territories, solicitors have unlimited rights of audience. This means they can, in theory, act as both solicitors and barristers. While some practitioners work in both roles, others focus exclusively on being solicitors. A separate "bar" still exists for those who follow the traditional barrister model of working in chambers.

The history of solicitors shows how legal roles have merged over time. Before the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, the system was much more divided. Solicitors worked in the Court of Chancery, while attorneys worked in common law courts. Proctors handled "civil law" in ecclesiastical courts. The 1873 reforms helped fuse these different branches. This led to the disappearance of the titles "attorney" and "proctor." They were replaced by the title "Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judicature."

Modern laws have further changed how solicitors work in court. The Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 removed the strict monopoly held by barristers. This allowed solicitors to gain "rights of audience," which is the right to speak in court. Today, many solicitors appear in lower courts like magistrates' courts. Some even pass tests to act in higher courts, such as the High Court of Justice. While many solicitors work in firms, some firms even employ their own barristers. This allows for more flexibility in how legal work is handled.

Becoming a solicitor requires a rigorous path of education and training. In England and Wales, the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) manages these rules. Most students begin with a qualifying law degree. They then move to the Legal Practice Course, or LPC. After this, they usually complete a two-year apprenticeship called a training contract. A new system called the Solicitor Qualifying Examination (SQE) began on September 1, 2021. In Hong Kong, the path includes a one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Laws.

Regulation ensures that solicitors remain accountable to the public. In England and Wales, solicitors pay an annual fee to the Law Society. This fee funds the Solicitors Regulation Authority, which acts independently. If a person has a complaint about a solicitor, they can contact the Legal Ombudsman. In Ireland, the Law Society of Ireland has regulated the profession since 1852. Interestingly, some Irish solicitors practice without a university degree. They instead pass professional exams that meet degree-level standards and complete intense apprenticeships.

597 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.