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Social science

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Social science is a special branch of science. It focuses on studying societies and how people act together.

Social sciences
Social sciences

These scientists want to know how members of a group relate to one another. This field includes many different subjects like history and geography. It also covers psychology, economics, and political science. Even linguistics and archaeology are part of this big group. By studying these areas, we can better understand human behavior.

Physical World Map
Physical World Map

Researchers use different ways to find their answers. Some scientists use methods that look like the natural sciences. They might use math or experiments to test their ideas. These people are often called positivists. Other scientists use a different way called interpretivism. They might use social critique to understand meanings. Today, many researchers are eclectic. This means they use many different tools at once. They often mix numbers with stories to get a full picture.

Stylised atom with three Bohr model orbits and stylised nucleus
Stylised atom with three Bohr model orbits and stylised nucleus

The history of social science began during the Age of Enlightenment. This was a time after 1651 when people had new ways of thinking. The field grew because of big changes like the Industrial Revolution. In 1767, a man named Mirabeau coined the term in French. Later, Auguste Comte used the term "social physics." He thought the field was similar to the natural sciences.

Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim

Other pioneers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau shared ideas in large encyclopedias. These thinkers helped turn social ideas into a real science.

Over time, the field grew into many paths. One path focused on large statistical surveys in Europe and the United States. Another path was started by Émile Durkheim to study "social facts." A thinker named Vilfredo Pareto also helped create new theories. Max Weber was another important person who studied how people understand things. Economics also grew into a very strong science during this time. By the late 1800s, there were five main academic fields. These included health, education, art, trade, and the law.

Wundt-research-group
Wundt-research-group

One very important branch is called anthropology. The word comes from the Greek word "anthropos," which means human being.

Market-Chichicastenango
Market-Chichicastenango

Anthropologists try to look at the whole picture of human life. They study our biology, our languages, and our history. They might study how people live in different types of societies. Some look at how we use symbols to share meaning. This is also part of communication studies. These branches help us see how we all fit into one global culture.

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File:Physical World Map.svg
Physical World Map.svg
File:Stylised atom with three Bohr model orbits and stylised nucleus.svg
Stylised atom with three Bohr model...
File:Social sciences.svg
Social sciences.svg
File:Laurentius de Voltolina Vorlesung vor Studenten - Min 1233 - Kupferstichkabinett Berlin.jpg
Laurentius de Voltolina Vorlesung vor...
File:Aristoteles Louvre.jpg
Aristoteles Louvre.jpg
File:Market-Chichicastenango.jpg
Market-Chichicastenango.jpg
File:Microcosm of London Plate 058 - Old Bailey edited.jpg
Microcosm of London Plate 058 - Old...
File:Wundt-research-group.jpg
Wundt-research-group.jpg
File:Ferdinand de Saussure.jpg
Ferdinand de Saussure.jpg
File:Emile Durkheim.jpg
Emile Durkheim.jpg
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