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Snow pea

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The snow pea is a unique type of edible legume.

Snow peas
Snow peas

Most people eat the seeds inside a pea pod. However, snow peas are different because you eat the entire thing. This includes the seeds and the flat pod. You must eat them while they are still unripened. In British English, these are often called mangetout. Some people also call them Chinese peas. This name likely comes from their popularity in Western Chinese dishes.

2DU Kenya 83 (5366710925)
2DU Kenya 83 (5366710925)

Even though they are called snow peas, the name is a bit confusing. They do not actually have a planting season earlier than other peas.

Snow peas belong to a specific group called the Macrocarpon Group.

Snow peas
Snow peas

This group is a cultivar group of the species Pisum sativum var. macrocarpum. To understand why they are edible, we must look at their biology. Most peas have a tough, fibrous layer inside the pod called parchment. This parchment is made of a substance called lignin. Snow peas lack this inedible fiber. This happens because of two specific recessive genes. The first gene is called p, which reduces the sclerenchymatous membrane on the inner wall. The second gene is called v, which reduces the thickness of the pod wall. These genes work together to create the thin, flat pods we recognize.

It is helpful to compare snow peas to snap peas.

Snow peas
Snow peas

Both are edible pod variants, but they look very different. Snap pea pods are round and have thick walls. In contrast, snow pea pods are flat and have very thin walls. A different gene, called n, is responsible for making the walls thick in snap peas. Because of these genetic differences, the texture of the two vegetables is quite distinct. This allows cooks to choose the right pea for different types of meals.

Botanists have spent a long time trying to name these plants correctly.

Snow peas
Snow peas

In 1825, an early publication described the variety as having compressed, non-leathery edible pods. For a long time, people misused the scientific name Pisum sativum var. saccharatum for snow peas. However, that name actually describes a variety with sub-leathery, compressed-terete pods. This description does not match how snow peas actually look. Because of this inconsistency, botanists replaced the old name with Pisum sativum var. macrocarpum. This change ensures the scientific name matches the physical plant. It is also worth noting that Gregor Mendel used a pea he called Pisum saccharatum for his famous experiments. We do not know if his peas were the same as modern snow peas.

Snow peas are very useful in a garden because they are nitrogen fixers.

Snow peas
Snow peas

Like most legumes, they host beneficial bacteria called rhizobia. These bacteria live in small bumps on the roots called nodules. The plant and the bacteria have a mutualistic relationship. This means they both benefit from working together. The rhizobia fix nitrogen in the soil, which acts like a natural fertilizer. Because of this, snow peas are excellent companion plants. They are especially useful when grown alongside green, leafy vegetables that need high nitrogen levels.

There are many ways to use different parts of the plant.

2DU Kenya 83 (5366710925)
2DU Kenya 83 (5366710925)

While the pods are common, people also eat pea shoots. Pea shoots are the stems and leaves of the immature plant. These are frequently used in Chinese cooking. A common way to prepare them is to stir-fry them with garlic. Sometimes, they are combined with crab or other types of shellfish. This shows how much of the plant can be enjoyed in a kitchen.

Farmers can grow snow peas in open fields during cool seasons.

Snow peas
Snow peas

This means they can be cultivated during the winter and spring. Once harvested, keeping them fresh is important. Scientists have found that storage can be improved using specific methods. For example, using films made of polymethylpentene can help. If you keep them at a controlled temperature and atmosphere, they last longer. Specifically, a concentration of 5 kPa of oxygen and carbon dioxide can augment their shelf life. This helps maintain both the internal and external characteristics of the plant.

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