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Simon Leys

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Pierre Ryckmans, widely recognized by his pen name Simon Leys, was a multifaceted scholar and writer. He served as a sinologist, which is a specialist in Chinese language, history, and culture. Beyond this, he was an essayist, a literary critic, a translator, and an art historian. His diverse intellectual interests spanned from traditional Chinese calligraphy to French and English literature. He also wrote about nautical fiction and the changing nature of modern universities. Through his many roles, he sought to bridge the gap between Western perspectives and the complex realities of Chinese life.

Ryckmans' academic journey began in Belgium at the Université catholique de Louvain. There, he studied both law and art history. A pivotal moment occurred in 1955 when he was one of ten young Belgians invited to visit China. During this trip, he participated in a conversation with Premier Zhou Enlai. This experience deeply influenced his worldview. He concluded that living in the modern age required a direct access to Chinese culture and a mastery of its language. Following this, he traveled to Taiwan to enroll at the National Taiwan University. He studied in the Fine Arts department under the guidance of Puru, a Manchu scholar and cousin of the last emperor, Puyi. This period allowed him to begin deep research into the Qing empire painter, Shitao.

His career involved several distinct geographic and professional stages. After his studies in Taiwan, he returned to Belgium, where he chose to serve as a conscientious objector. This meant he performed civil service instead of military service. He later moved to Singapore to teach at Nanyang University. In 1963, due to political suspicions regarding his views, he relocated to Hong Kong. While living in a Kowloon squatter area, he shared a small residence called Wu Yong Tang, or the "hall of uselessness." During this time, he taught at the New Asia College and supplemented his income by writing reports. He summarized Chinese press articles and collected testimonies from refugees to understand the political climate.

Ryckmans' writing often addressed the intense political shifts in China. In the 1970s, he published a famous trilogy: "Les Habits neufs du président Mao" (1971), "Ombres chinoises" (1974), and "Images brisées" (1976). These works provided scathing descriptions of the Cultural Revolution. He used these books to denounce the destruction of Chinese culture and the hypocrisy of Western intellectuals who defended the Maoist regime. Because these writings were controversial, his publisher advised him to use a pseudonym. He chose "Simon Leys" to avoid being declared persona non grata in the People's Republic of China. The name "Simon" refers to the original name of the Apostle Peter, while "Leys" honors the character René Leys from a novel by Victor Segalen.

In 1970, Ryckmans moved to Australia, marking a new chapter in his life. He taught Chinese literature at the Australian National University in Canberra. During his time there, he supervised the academic work of future Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. Later, from 1987 to 1993, he served as a Professor of Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney. His presence in the academic world was often marked by vigorous debate. A notable example occurred in 1983 on the French television show "Apostrophes." During a discussion with author Maria-Antonietta Macciocchi, Ryckmans sharply criticized her work for factual errors regarding China. He argued that her research lacked the necessary verification.

Throughout his life, Ryckmans remained a dedicated scholar of art and history. He completed a PhD thesis focused on translating and commenting on the painting treatises of the artist Shitao. This work was published in 1970 by the Institut Belge des Hautes Etudes Chinoises. His interests were not limited to politics; he also possessed a deep appreciation for the technical beauty of calligraphy. Even his earlier, less political writings showed his range. In 1958, he recorded an account of a fishing expedition on a tuna boat in Brittany, a work titled "Prosper" that was not published until 45 years later.

In his later years, Ryckmans expressed concerns about the direction of higher education. He noted that "deep modifications" were affecting universities globally. He felt these transformations were moving institutions away from the academic models he had spent his life supporting. He eventually took early retirement and returned to Canberra. Pierre Ryckmans passed away in Sydney in August 2014 at the age of 78. He died from cancer, surrounded by his wife, Han Fang Chang, and their four children: Etienne, Jeanne, Louis, and Marc. His legacy remains tied to his efforts to provide honest, detailed insights into the intersection of art and politics.

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