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Shroud of Turin

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The Shroud of Turin is a famous piece of linen cloth.

Shroudofturin
Shroudofturin

It bears a faint, brownish image of the front and back of a naked man. This image is consistent with traditional depictions of Jesus of Nazareth after his death by crucifixion. Because of this, many people, especially in the Catholic Church, venerate it as a sacred relic. The shroud is rectangular and made of flax fibrils. The fabric uses a three-to-one herringbone twill weave. The image shows a man with shoulder-length hair and a beard. He appears muscular and tall, with experts measuring him between 5'7" and 5'11".

OntstaanLijkwade GiovanniBattista
OntstaanLijkwade GiovanniBattista

The image on the cloth has unique visual properties. In 1898, the Italian photographer Secondo Pia took the first photographs of the shroud.

Secundo Pia Turinske platno 1898
Secundo Pia Turinske platno 1898

He discovered that a black-and-white photographic negative shows the image more clearly than the natural sepia color. This discovery led to a popular Catholic devotion known as the Holy Face of Jesus.

Full length negatives of the shroud of Turin
Full length negatives of the shroud of Turin

Other researchers have used different methods to study the image. In 1978, ultraviolet photographs were also taken. These different views help scientists and believers try to understand how the image was formed.

Scientific analysis has produced conflicting results regarding the shroud's origin. In 1978, the microscopist Walter McCrone examined samples taken with adhesive tape. He concluded the image was painted with red ochre pigment in a gelatin medium. He also believed bloodstains were made with vermilion pigment in gelatin. However, other researchers disputed these findings. In 1988, three independent laboratories performed radiocarbon dating on the cloth. These tests established that the shroud dates to the Middle Ages, between 1260 and 1390. While many experts accept these dates, some defenders of the shroud argue the samples were contaminated or taken from medieval repairs.

The documented history of the shroud begins in the 14th century. Around 1355, the shroud began to be exhibited in the church of Lirey, France.

Shroud of Lirey Pilgrim Badge
Shroud of Lirey Pilgrim Badge

However, it faced early controversy. In 1389, the Bishop of Troyes, Pierre d'Arcis, declared the shroud a forgery. He believed it was created by clergymen to make money. Despite this, the House of Savoy acquired the cloth in 1453. It became a palladium, or a sacred protector, for the House of Savoy. The cloth moved from France to Italy as the Savoyard state changed its capital.

In 1532, the shroud suffered physical damage in Chambéry, France.

Château de Chambéry (2014)
Château de Chambéry (2014)

A fire occurred in the chapel where the cloth was kept. Molten silver from a reliquary passed through the folded layers of linen. This left a symmetrical pattern of burn holes and scorched areas. To repair the damage, Poor Clare nuns sewed fourteen large triangular patches and eight smaller patches onto the cloth. Later, in 1694, Sebastian Valfrè made further repairs. In 1868, Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy also worked to repair the fabric.

Guarini sindone
Guarini sindone

The shroud has been kept in Turin since 1578. It is housed in a special chapel designed by the architect Guarino Guarini. This chapel connects the Turin Cathedral to the royal palace. Ownership passed from the House of Savoy to the Catholic Church in 1983. This happened after the death of King Umberto II of Italy. Today, the shroud is kept under very strict conservation rules. It sits in an airtight case made of laminated bulletproof glass. The case is filled with 99.5% argon and 0.5% oxygen to prevent chemical changes. This helps protect the ancient linen from further decay.

The shroud remains a subject of intense global interest and debate. In 2010, more than 2 million visitors came to see the cloth in Turin. In 2013, high-definition images were streamed online for the first time in 40 years. This allowed people to see details that are not visible to the naked eye. Even with modern technology, the nature of the shroud is not fully settled. The Catholic Church does not officially endorse or reject its authenticity as a relic of Jesus. Instead, the shroud remains a powerful symbol for many people around the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Shroudofturin.jpg
Shroudofturin.jpg
File:Shroud of Lirey Pilgrim Badge.jpg
Shroud of Lirey Pilgrim Badge.jpg
File:Château de Chambéry (2014).JPG
Château de Chambéry (2014).JPG
File:Guarini sindone.jpg
Guarini sindone.jpg
File:OntstaanLijkwade GiovanniBattista.png
OntstaanLijkwade GiovanniBattista.png
File:Simon Ushakov. Spas. (Perm).jpg
Simon Ushakov. Spas. (Perm).jpg
File:Secundo Pia Turinske platno 1898.jpg
Secundo Pia Turinske platno 1898.jpg
File:Shroud of Turin 1898 poster.jpg
Shroud of Turin 1898 poster.jpg
File:Full length negatives of the shroud of Turin.jpg
Full length negatives of the shroud of Turin.jpg
File:Replica Sábana Santa.jpg
Replica Sábana Santa.jpg
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