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Codex Gigas

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The Codex Gigas is a massive medieval illuminated manuscript.

CodexGigas 505 Matthew
CodexGigas 505 Matthew

It is recognized as the largest extant medieval manuscript in the world. Because of a famous full-page portrait of the Devil, it is often called the "Devil's Bible." This Romanesque Latin Bible is an extraordinary artifact of history. It contains not only religious texts but also various secular works. The book serves as a massive collection of medieval knowledge and art.

Physically, the manuscript is immense and heavy. It weighs approximately 165 pounds. The book is composed of 310 leaves of vellum. Vellum is a material made from processed animal skins. Some claims suggest it required the skins of 160 donkeys or calves to complete.

sapientia
sapientia

The binding consists of thick wooden boards covered in leather. Ornate metal guards and fittings protect the edges of the heavy volume. This construction was necessary to preserve such a large and heavy object.

The contents of the Codex Gigas are highly diverse. About half of the book contains the complete Latin Bible in the Vulgate version. This includes the Old Testament, moving from Genesis to Maccabees. It also contains the New Testament, from the Gospel of Matthew to the Book of Revelation.

CodexGigas 505 Matthew
CodexGigas 505 Matthew

Between these testaments, the scribe included other important medieval works. These include the works of Flavius Josephus, such as "Antiquities of the Jews." There is also Isidore of Seville's encyclopedia, titled "Etymologiae." The manuscript even contains medical treatises and the "Chronica Boemorum" by Cosmas of Prague.

Artistic illumination adds beauty to the text. There are 57 surviving large, colorful capital letters that start different books. These initials can be so large they occupy most of a page. The manuscript uses colors such as red, blue, yellow, green, and gold.

sapientia
sapientia

There are also two unique images representing Heaven and Earth during Creation. These appear as blue and green circles containing celestial bodies. Some pages even feature early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets.

The history of the book is filled with movement and drama. It was created in the early 13th century at the Benedictine monastery of Podlažice. This monastery was located in Bohemia, in the modern-day Czech Republic. After its creation, the book was pawned to the Cistercian monks of Sedlec Abbey. It eventually moved to the collection of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. In 1648, during the Thirty Years' War, the Swedish Empire took the book as spoils of war.

Devil codex Gigas
Devil codex Gigas

It has been kept in the Swedish Royal Library in Stockholm since 1649.

A famous legend surrounds the book's creation. It is said that a monk named Herman the Recluse wrote the entire book in a single night. The legend claims he made a deal with the Devil to finish the work. This story explains the famous portrait of Satan found on folio 290.

Codex Gigas fol 290r Devil
Codex Gigas fol 290r Devil

However, modern science tells a different story. Handwriting analysis suggests the book was written by a single scribe. Experts estimate the work actually took between 20 and 30 years to complete.

The portrait of the Devil is one of the most striking parts of the codex. The image shows Satan crouching with his arms uplifted. He is depicted with a dark green head and large, red-tipped ears. His mouth is open, revealing small white teeth and two long red tongues. These double tongues are meant to look like a serpent's tongue.

Codex Gigas fol 290r Devil
Codex Gigas fol 290r Devil

Directly opposite this image is a depiction of the Kingdom of Heaven. This placement creates a visual contrast between Good and Evil.

Even the survival of the book is remarkable. In 1697, a fire broke out at the Tre Kronor royal castle in Stockholm. This fire destroyed much of the Swedish Royal Library. To save the Codex Gigas, someone threw it out of a window. The heavy book landed on and injured a bystander, but it survived the fall. Today, the manuscript is preserved at the National Library of Sweden for the public to see.

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File:Devil codex Gigas.jpg
Devil codex Gigas.jpg
File:sapientia.jpg
sapientia.jpg
File:Codex Gigas fol 290r Devil.jpg
Codex Gigas fol 290r Devil.jpg
File:CodexGigas 505 Matthew.jpg
CodexGigas 505 Matthew.jpg
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