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Shikoku

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Shikoku is the smallest of Japan's four main islands. It is a long and narrow landmass located south of Honshu. It sits northeast of the island of Kyushu.

Geofeatures map of Shikoku Japan ja
Geofeatures map of Shikoku Japan ja

The island is divided into four prefectures: Ehime, Kagawa, Kōchi, and Tokushima. These prefectures were once known as the provinces of Iyo, Sanuki, Tosa, and Awa. With a population of approximately 3.8 million, it is the least populated of the four main islands.

Chugoku-Region-Shikoku-Japan-ISS-Space
Chugoku-Region-Shikoku-Japan-ISS-Space

This makes Shikoku the 23rd most populated island in the world. It is also ranked as the 50th largest island globally by area.

The geography of Shikoku is defined by a central mountain range. These mountains run from east to west across the island. This range creates two distinct subregions. The northern subregion faces the Seto Inland Sea. The southern part of the island faces the Pacific Ocean. Most of the 3.8 million inhabitants live in the northern area. Almost all of the island's larger cities are located there as well. The southern region is much more mountainous and is sparsely populated. The only significant lowland in the south is a small alluvial plain at Kōchi.

Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime
Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime

Agriculture and industry vary depending on where you are on the island. In the north, the land is used very intensively. Large alluvial areas in the east are used for rice. These areas are often double-cropped with winter wheat and barley. This wheat production made Sanuki udon a vital part of the diet in Kagawa.

Kama-age sanuki udon by sekido in Takamatsu, Kagawa
Kama-age sanuki udon by sekido in Takamatsu, Kagawa

The northern area also produces many fruits like peaches, grapes, and citrus. In the south, mild winters allow for truck farming. Farmers use plastic coverings to grow out-of-season vegetables. The pulp and paper industry is also important here. This industry uses the island's abundant forests and hydroelectric power.

Shikoku's natural features include impressive mountains and rivers. Mount Ishizuchi is the highest peak on the island. It is located in Ehime Prefecture. The Yoshino River is the largest river on the island. It flows from near Mount Ishizuchi toward the east. It reaches the sea at the city of Tokushima. The Oboke and Koboke sections of the river are famous for white-water rafting.

Onsenzan-anrakuji-tahouto
Onsenzan-anrakuji-tahouto

Interestingly, Shikoku has no active volcanoes. This makes it different from the other three main islands of Japan. However, the island had volcanic activity in the prehistoric past. A major caldera was active near Mount Ishizuchi during the Miocene, about 14 million years ago.

The island is famous for its deep cultural traditions and religious history. Shikoku is well known for its 88-temple pilgrimage. This tradition was established by the Buddhist priest Kūkai during the Heian period. Legend says Kūkai still appears to pilgrims today. Many modern pilgrims travel by bus rather than on foot. They often wear white jackets with specific characters on them. The island also hosts vibrant festivals. The Awa Odori takes place in Tokushima during August. In Kōchi, the Yosakoi festival features many dancers and attracts many tourists.

Transportation has changed how people move around and connect to the mainland. For a long time, Shikoku was quite isolated. This isolation helped it keep original Japanese architectural techniques and vegetation. Today, the island is connected to Honshu by three expressways. These are part of the Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project. The Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway connects the island to the Kansai area. The Great Seto Bridge network has connected the central part of the island to Honshu since 1988.

Kochi Castle09
Kochi Castle09

Within the island, a web of highways and national routes connects the major cities. The Shikoku Railway Company also provides rail service across the island.

Modern life on the island includes diverse industries and sports. The Besshi copper mine has historically provided important ores for processing. There are also four regional airports serving the island. These include airports in Tokushima, Takamatsu, Kōchi, and Matsuyama. These airports connect residents to cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and even Seoul. In the world of sports, the Tokushima Vortis is a professional soccer team. Other cities have teams for baseball and football. Even in the niche field of darts, Shikoku has produced a world champion. Mikuru Suzuki is a two-time Women's World Champion from Takamatsu.

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🖼️ Images & Media (28)
File:Chugoku-Region-Shikoku-Japan-ISS-Space.png
Chugoku-Region-Shikoku-Japan-ISS-Space.png
File:Geofeatures_map_of_Shikoku_Japan_ja.svg
Geofeatures_map_of_Shikoku_Japan_ja.svg
File:Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime.svg
Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime.svg
File:Flag of Takamatsu, Kagawa.svg
Flag of Takamatsu, Kagawa.svg
File:Flag of Kochi, Kochi.svg
Flag of Kochi, Kochi.svg
File:Flag of Tokushima, Tokushima.svg
Flag of Tokushima, Tokushima.svg
File:Flag of Imabari, Ehime.svg
Flag of Imabari, Ehime.svg
File:Flag of Niihama, Ehime.svg
Flag of Niihama, Ehime.svg
File:Flag of Marugame, Kagawa.svg
Flag of Marugame, Kagawa.svg
File:Flag of Saijō, Ehime.svg
Flag of Saijō, Ehime.svg
File:Flag of Shikokuchūō, Ehime.svg
Flag of Shikokuchūō, Ehime.svg
File:Flag of Uwajima, Ehime.svg
Flag of Uwajima, Ehime.svg

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