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Shadow play

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Shadow play is an ancient way to tell stories using light and silhouettes.

Chinese shadow puppetry
Chinese shadow puppetry

A performer holds flat, cut-out figures between a light source and a translucent screen. These figures are called shadow puppets. Sometimes the puppets have colorful details or see-through parts. A skilled puppeteer can make these figures walk, dance, fight, or even laugh. This art form is loved by both children and adults. It is popular in more than 20 countries around the world.

Unesco Cultural Heritage logo
Unesco Cultural Heritage logo

There are many different ways to perform shadow plays. Some actors use their own bodies to cast shadows on the screen. Other performers hold puppets during the daytime to show shapes. Some shows allow people to view shadows from both sides of the screen. In Cambodia, the Sbek Thom uses very large puppets made of cowhide. These large puppets show a whole scene and do not have moving parts.

Sita, Nang Sbek, Cambodia - Museu do Oriente - Lisbon, Portugal - DSC06801
Sita, Nang Sbek, Cambodia - Museu do Oriente - Lisbon, Portugal - DSC06801

In contrast, the Sbek Touch uses much smaller puppets that can move.

This tradition has a very long history in many lands.

The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Han shadow puppet
The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Han shadow puppet

Shadow play likely began in Central Asia or India during the 1st millennium BCE. In India, the tholu bommalata shows use jointed puppets made of painted leather. These puppets are lit from behind a thin screen. In China, shadow play became very popular during the Song dynasty. One famous legend says it began when a magician used shadows to honor an emperor.

Different regions have their own special names and styles for this art.

Chinese shadow puppetry
Chinese shadow puppetry

In China, piyingxi is the name for shadow theatre using leather puppets. In Taiwan, the Chaochow school uses leather puppets to tell stories. These shows often use special Chaochow melodies for music. In Cambodia, the shows are often accompanied by a pinpeat orchestra. These performances can include famous epics like the Ramayana.

Rama, Kelanton, Malaysia - Museu do Oriente - Lisbon, Portugal - DSC06699
Rama, Kelanton, Malaysia - Museu do Oriente - Lisbon, Portugal - DSC06699

Shadow play is a direct link to how we watch movies today.

Many experts believe shadow theatre evolved into projected slides and later into cinema. Both shadow play and modern movies use light, images, and screens. They also both use music and voices to tell a story. Even today, artists use these old ideas in new ways. Some people even make video games inspired by the look of shadow puppets.

Théatre d'Ombres in Le Chat Noir
Théatre d'Ombres in Le Chat Noir
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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Ki Sigit Ariyanto Dalang Wayang Kulit.jpg
Ki Sigit Ariyanto Dalang Wayang Kulit.jpg
File:Sita, Nang Sbek, Cambodia - Museu do Oriente - Lisbon, Portugal - DSC06801.JPG
Sita, Nang Sbek, Cambodia - Museu do...
File:OFB-Qianlongsatz03-Krieger.JPG
OFB-Qianlongsatz03-Krieger.JPG
File:Unesco Cultural Heritage logo.svg
Unesco Cultural Heritage logo.svg
File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Han shadow puppet.jpg
The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis -...
File:Chinese shadow puppetry.jpg
Chinese shadow puppetry.jpg
File:Greek Shadow Puppetry.jpg
Greek Shadow Puppetry.jpg
File:Théatre d'Ombres in Le Chat Noir.jpg
Théatre d'Ombres in Le Chat Noir.jpg
File:Ombra francese seconda.jpg
Ombra francese seconda.jpg
File:Hanuman and Ravana in Tholu Bommalata, the shadow puppet tradition of Andhra Pradesh, India.JPG
Hanuman and Ravana in Tholu Bommalata,...
File:Dalang cilik di Pasar Malam Semawis, Semarang.jpg
Dalang cilik di Pasar Malam Semawis, Semarang.jpg
File:Rama, Kelanton, Malaysia - Museu do Oriente - Lisbon, Portugal - DSC06699.JPG
Rama, Kelanton, Malaysia - Museu do...

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