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Sergei Starostin

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Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin was a prominent Russian historical linguist and philologist. A philologist is a scholar who studies the history of languages and written texts. As a historical linguist, Starostin focused on how languages change over long periods. He spent his career trying to reconstruct proto-languages. These are hypothetical languages that existed before modern languages developed. Starostin wanted to find the common roots of many different human speech patterns.

Starostin used complex methods to propose massive language groupings. One major idea was the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis. This theory suggested that several distinct groups formed one large family. These groups included Northwest Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian, Yeniseian, Sino-Tibetan, and Na-Dené. He also worked on the controversial Altaic theory. This theory suggested a link between Turkic and Mongolic languages. He even expanded this idea to include Japanese.

His research often looked for even older connections between these groups. Starostin proposed a macrofamily called the Borean language family. The name Borean means "Northern." He believed this family was of a very early date. He suggested that Dené–Caucasian, Austric, and Nostratic could all link together. This would create a massive web of ancient human speech. However, most linguists today find these wide-scale theories to be implausible. They have not seen wide-scale acceptance in the scientific community.

To manage his massive amounts of data, Starostin built digital tools. In 1985, he began developing a system called STARLING. This was a specialized database management system. He designed it specifically for his own website and research. He received assistance with this technical work from Murray Gell-Mann. Starostin also worked on many specific linguistic reconstructions. These included Proto-Kiranti, Proto-Tibeto-Burman, Proto-Yeniseian, and Proto-North-Caucasian.

Starostin was a highly respected member of the global academic community. He served as a professor at the Russian State University for the Humanities. He also held a position as a visiting professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He was a frequent guest lecturer at Leiden University in the Netherlands. In June 2005, Leiden University awarded him the degree of doctor honoris causa. This is an honorary doctorate given for significant contributions to a field. He was also a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

His academic output included many important books and studies. In 1986, he co-authored a work on Hurro-Urartian languages with Igor M. Diakonoff. In 1989, he published a reconstruction of the Old Chinese phonological system. He also worked on an etymological dictionary for North Caucasian languages in 1994. In 2003, he co-authored a three-volume dictionary for Altaic languages. His work helped define the Moscow School of Comparative Linguistics. These publications documented his deep study of word origins and sounds.

Starostin's life ended in Moscow on September 30, 2005. He suffered a heart attack shortly after delivering a lecture. This lecture took place at the Russian State University for the Humanities. His death occurred at the age of 52. His passion for linguistics continued through his family. His son, Georgiy Starostin, also became a linguist. Together, they contributed to a large linguistics database known as The Tower of Babel.

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