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Secular education

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Secular education is a system of public schooling. It is used in nations with a secular government. In these countries, there is a separation between religion and the state. This means the government does not run religious matters. Secular education serves as a cultural foundation for all citizens. It aims to spread the values of a human culture. These values are based on the human faculty for reason.

This system works through a specific way of thinking. It focuses on how humans use their own minds to understand the world. This is very different from religious education. Religious schools often teach knowledge that is "revealed" through tradition. Secular schools emphasize human values instead. They see humans as unique creatures in nature. They believe humans are creators who shape their own environment.

Historically, secular education was a modern development. It was created to replace older religious school systems. In Western Europe, these included ecclesiastical and rabbinic schools. One example of a rabbinic school was the heder. The goal was to move away from purely religious instruction. For Jewish people, the ideal was the Maskil. A Maskil was a person like an Enlightenment philosopher or a humanist.

Many countries have faced debates about religious symbols in schools. In France, the public school system has banned conspicuous religious symbols. Some religious groups find these rules hostile. They believe these measures promote atheism. However, other citizens support the bans. They argue that religious symbols infringe on the separation of church and state. They believe symbols can discriminate against non-religious people.

Legal battles often happen over these symbols. In Italy, a case called Lautsi v. Italy reached the European Court of Human Rights. This case focused on the display of crucifixes in state school classrooms. In Romania, a teacher named Emil Moise brought a case to the CNCD. He lived in Buzău County. He challenged the public display of Orthodox icons in classrooms. This action was supported by several high-profile activists.

Changes in government laws can also affect secular systems. In Turkey, the government promoted Imam Hatip Islamic schools. This happened following an education reform bill in March 2012. This bill was written without public debate or discussion. It did not appear in the government's 2011 election manifesto. Many Turkish citizens were alarmed by these changes. Education specialists worried the reforms would undermine secularism.

Leading Turkish universities also reacted to the 2012 reforms. Sabancı University, Boğaziçi University, Middle East Technical University, and Koç University all issued statements. They described the reforms as hastily conceived and retrograde. They felt the changes were out of step with current thinking. Specialists also feared the reforms would deepen social inequalities. They believed the new measures would lower educational standards.

In some places, the struggle is much more intense. In Southern Thailand, insurgent groups have worked against the secular system. These groups have destroyed schools in the region. They have also assassinated teachers. Meanwhile, in Australia, people work to protect these systems. The Australian Secular Lobby was formed in 2009. This group works to promote secular education across the country.

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