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San Francisco

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

San Francisco is a famous city in California.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

It sits on a peninsula near a large bay.

San Francisco Peninsula by Sentinel-2, 2019-03-11 (cropped)
San Francisco Peninsula by Sentinel-2, 2019-03-11 (cropped)

The city is known for its steep, rolling hills.

San Francisco cityscape and East Bay, from Twin Peaks, above the Castro
San Francisco cityscape and East Bay, from Twin Peaks, above the Castro

It can also be very foggy.

San francisco in fog with rays
San francisco in fog with rays

This city is the fourth-most populous in California.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

In 2025, it had 826,079 people living there. Many people also live in the wider Bay Area. Around 4.6 million people live in the metropolitan area. This makes it a very busy and crowded place.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

History tells us many stories about this land. Long ago, the Yelamu Ohlone people lived in small villages.

Aerial view - Presidio-whole
Aerial view - Presidio-whole

In 1776, Spanish settlers arrived at the Golden Gate. They built the Presidio and the Mission San Francisco de Asís.

Mission San Francisco de Asís (Oriana Day) (cropped)
Mission San Francisco de Asís (Oriana Day) (cropped)

The city was once called Yerba Buena. This name means "Good Herb" in Spanish.

Doña Juana Briones de Miranda (7222900876) (cropped)
Doña Juana Briones de Miranda (7222900876) (cropped)

In 1847, the city officially changed its name. It was renamed San Francisco to match international maps.

San Francisco in July 1849 Painting by George Henry Burgess
San Francisco in July 1849 Painting by George Henry Burgess

Growth in the city happened in big waves. The California gold rush of 1849 changed everything.

San Francisco in July 1849 Painting by George Henry Burgess
San Francisco in July 1849 Painting by George Henry Burgess

Thousands of people rushed to the area to find wealth. This made it the largest city on the West Coast.

Later, a huge earthquake and fire hit in 1906.

Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look
Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look

Most of the city was destroyed by this event. However, people rebuilt the city very quickly.

Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, aeroplane view, 1915
Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, aeroplane view, 1915

They even hosted a large international exposition nine years later.

Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, aeroplane view, 1915
Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, aeroplane view, 1915

Today, San Francisco is a very productive place. It is a leader in high-tech and finance.

SF Transamerica full CA
SF Transamerica full CA

Many famous companies are based here. These include names like Uber, Airbnb, and Levi's.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

The city's economy is huge and very strong. In 2024, the city's GDP was $268 billion.

Bank of California Building San Francisco (cropped)
Bank of California Building San Francisco (cropped)

It is one of the most productive areas in the world. This success comes from many different jobs and smart schools.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

Visitors come from all over to see the sights.

SF Chinatown CA (cropped)
SF Chinatown CA (cropped)

They love to visit the Chinatown and Mission districts.

SF Chinatown CA (cropped)
SF Chinatown CA (cropped)

You can ride cable cars or see the Golden Gate Bridge.

San Francisco cityscape and East Bay, from Twin Peaks, above the Castro
San Francisco cityscape and East Bay, from Twin Peaks, above the Castro

People also visit famous places like Alcatraz.

View from Mirounga Bay
View from Mirounga Bay

In 2022, over 20 million domestic visitors came to explore.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

The city is full of museums, music, and sports.

San Francisco in 2018
San Francisco in 2018

It is a place where many different cultures meet.

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🖼️ Images & Media (72)
File:Victor Adam after Louis Choris - Vue du Presidio san Francisco, 1822 (cropped).jpg
Victor Adam after Louis Choris - Vue du...
File:Mission San Francisco de Asís (Oriana Day) (cropped).jpg
Mission San Francisco de Asís (Oriana...
File:Doña_Juana_Briones_de_Miranda_(7222900876)_(cropped).jpg
Doña_Juana_Briones_de_Miranda_(7222900876)...
File:San_Francisco_in_July_1849_Painting_by_George_Henry_Burgess.jpg
San_Francisco_in_July_1849_Painting_by_Geo...
File:A view of Yerba Buena (San Francisco). On July 9, 1846, Capt. Montgomery of the Sloop of War Portsmouth, raised the American Flag in the plaza and seized the region of the United States LCCN2004666425.jpg
A view of Yerba Buena (San Francisco). On...
File:SanFranciscoharbor1851c sharp.jpg
SanFranciscoharbor1851c sharp.jpg
File:Bank of California Building San Francisco (cropped).jpg
Bank of California Building San Francisco...
File:California - the Chinese agitation in San Francisco - a meeting of the Workingmen's Party on the sand lots (H.A. Rodgers) (cropped).jpg
California - the Chinese agitation in San...
File:The City of San Francisco, panorama by Currier & Ives, 1878 (cropped).jpg
The City of San Francisco, panorama by...
File:Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg
Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg
File:Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, aeroplane view, 1915.jpg
Flickr - …trialsanderrors -...
File:SF-Oakland-Bay-Bridge-Construction.jpg
SF-Oakland-Bay-Bridge-Construction.jpg

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