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Romance

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Romance is a complex concept that describes intense feelings of attraction and idealization.

Frank Bernard Dicksee - Romeo and Juliet, 1884
Frank Bernard Dicksee - Romeo and Juliet, 1884

It involves a mental state often called "being in love." This state is characterized by salience, which means a person provides focused attention toward a specific individual. This focus is often used for courtship or the creation of a pair bond. Beyond just a feeling, romance can represent a cultural practice. It is the idealization of starting intimate relationships based on passion rather than practical concerns. Some define it as a passionate spiritual, emotional, and sexual attachment. This attachment reflects a high regard for the value of the other person's character.

In the field of psychology, romantic love is viewed as a specific motivation or drive. This drive is distinct from the concept of general attachment. Experts often use the term to distinguish these feelings from other types of bonds. These include conjugal love, parental love, and friendship. While some view romance as strictly heterosexual, the term is used more broadly in Western culture. It can include various attractions, including homosexual ones. Interestingly, romantic love can sometimes be "platonic." This means it involves passionate feelings without sexual desire. However, some people experience little to no romantic attraction at all. These individuals are referred to as "aromantic."

The term has many different meanings that can sometimes contradict each other. The philosopher Arthur Lovejoy noted that the word "romantic" has come to mean so many things that it can lose its specific meaning. Dictionaries often define it as an intensity where a partner is imbued with extraordinary virtue or beauty. This idealization can cause the relationship to override all other considerations, including material ones. Because of these overlapping definitions, academic psychology has struggled to reach a consensus. Some scholars use the term to mean "passionate love," while others link it to its historical origins. This makes the study of romance a difficult task for researchers.

The history of the word is rooted in the Latin word "Romanus," meaning Roman.

Eros bow Musei Capitolini MC410
Eros bow Musei Capitolini MC410

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the adverb "Romanice" was used to describe languages derived from Latin. In Old French, this became "romans" or "romanz." This term referred to both the language and the works written in it. During the Middle Ages, it described a specific type of narrative verse. These were known as chivalric romances, which focused on themes of chivalry and love. This linguistic journey shows how a word for a language became a word for a feeling.

Early romantic themes were explored by French poets known as troubadours. They often wrote about unrequited love and the worship of a lady.

Rogelio de Egusquiza - Tristan and Isolt (Death) - Google Art Project
Rogelio de Egusquiza - Tristan and Isolt (Death) - Google Art Project

In the town of Poitiers, Andreas Capellanus wrote "The Art of Courtly Love." This work helped establish the tradition of courtly love. This style elevated the status of women and emphasized passionate suffering. Many famous stories follow this tradition, such as the legends of Tristan and Iseult or Lancelot and Guinevere.

Marianne Stokes05
Marianne Stokes05

Other stories, like "Aucassin and Nicolette," offered a more humanistic perspective with happy endings. The modern romance novel eventually emerged during the 18th century with authors like Jane Austen.

Modern society still carries these romantic beliefs and attitudes. Many people believe in the idea of a "soul mate" or "one true love." This belief suggests that true love will last forever and overcome any obstacle. It encourages people to "follow their heart" instead of using reason or rationality. However, some experts criticize these ideals. Stanton Peele has suggested that these cultural ideals can lead to unhealthy extremes. He notes that they may underlie issues like lovesickness or addiction. This highlights the tension between idealized romance and realistic, pragmatic love.

Science provides a biological perspective on how these feelings function in the body.

Mesocorticolimbic Circuit
Mesocorticolimbic Circuit

Romantic love is linked to dopamine activity in the brain's reward system. Specifically, dopamine is produced in the ventral tegmental area and projected to the nucleus accumbens. This activity is key to creating salience, or focused attention. In 2021, researchers Bode and Kushnick proposed a biological definition of romantic love. They described it as a motivational state associated with a desire for long-term mating. This state involves complex genetic, neural, and endocrine activity. It serves several functions, including mate choice, courtship, and pair-bonding across the human lifespan.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Frank Bernard Dicksee - Romeo and Juliet, 1884.jpg
Frank Bernard Dicksee - Romeo and Juliet, 1884.jpg
File:Mesocorticolimbic_Circuit.png
Mesocorticolimbic_Circuit.png
File:Crystaled_salt_on_the_stick.jpg
Crystaled_salt_on_the_stick.jpg
File:Marianne Stokes05.jpg
Marianne Stokes05.jpg
CADAL07013412 駐春園 第2版.djvu
File:Inclusion of other in the self scale.png
Inclusion of other in the self scale.png
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Slot machines.jpg
File:THORN-155lb-PS-jointed-joint.jpg
THORN-155lb-PS-jointed-joint.jpg
File:Rogelio_de_Egusquiza_-_Tristan_and_Isolt_(Death)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
Rogelio_de_Egusquiza_-_Tristan_and_Isolt_(...
File:La Promenade, by Pierre-Auguste Renoir.jpg
La Promenade, by Pierre-Auguste Renoir.jpg
File:Kissing_couple.jpg
Kissing_couple.jpg
File:Eros bow Musei Capitolini MC410.jpg
Eros bow Musei Capitolini MC410.jpg
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