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River Severn

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The River Severn is the longest river in Great Britain. It also holds the record for the most voluminous flow of water in England and Wales.

Severnsource
Severnsource

The river is a massive part of the landscape. It carries a huge amount of water from its source to the sea. This makes it a vital part of the geography of the region. It connects different lands and people through its long path.

The river begins high in the Cambrian Mountains of mid Wales. It rises on the Plynlimon massif at an altitude of 610 metres. This area sits near the border of Ceredigion and Powys. From this high point, the water flows through several English counties. These include Shropshire, Worcestershire, and Gloucestershire. The river passes through important county towns like Shrewsbury, Worcester, and Gloucester.

ShrewsburyBridges
ShrewsburyBridges

Many smaller rivers, known as tributaries, join the Severn along its journey. These tributaries add more water to the main flow. The three largest non-tidal tributaries are the Vyrnwy, the Teme, and the Warwickshire Avon. The Vyrnwy begins at Lake Vyrnwy and flows east through Powys. It gathers water from the Banwy, Cain, and Tanat rivers. Other notable rivers like the Wye and the Bristol Avon join the river later. These join the Severn once it reaches the wide estuary section.

Severn Aerial
Severn Aerial

The geography of the Severn is shaped by complex geology and ancient ice. The river's current form is partly due to glaciation during the Pleistocene epoch. In Wales, the river flows through Ordovician and Silurian rocks. As it moves into the Shropshire Plain, it crosses Permian and Triassic strata. Some parts of the river run across Carboniferous rocks, such as near Shrewsbury. There are two main theories about how the river formed its path. One theory suggests a large lake called Lake Lapworth once sat in Shropshire. This lake may have overflowed and cut the Ironbridge Gorge. An alternative theory suggests the river flowed through a bedrock hollow called the Severn Trench. This trench might have been cut by successive ice ages.

The history of the river's name shows many different cultural influences. The Romans called the river Sabrina during their occupation. In mythology, Sabrina was a nymph who drowned in the water.

Worcester cathedral night2
Worcester cathedral night2

The Welsh name, Habren, was recorded as early as the 800s. The English name, Severn, likely comes from the Old English word Sæfern. This name might relate to the English dialect word 'seave,' meaning sedge or rush. The Hwicce people used these club-rush plants from the river banks to make wicker baskets. There is also evidence of Scandinavian influence in the name's history. During the Viking Age, the name was recorded as Sæferne. This may relate to the Old Norse word for a seafarer.

The river ends at the Severn Estuary. This is the wide area after the Prince of Wales Bridge. The estuary sits between Severn Beach in Gloucestershire and Sudbrook in Monmouthshire. The total drainage basin for the estuary is 55,700 square kilometres. This figure does not include the areas of the River Wye or the Bristol Avon. The estuary discharges its water into the Bristol Channel. This channel opens into the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

St Twrog's Chapel ruins on Chapel Rock - geograph.org.uk - 545622
St Twrog's Chapel ruins on Chapel Rock - geograph.org.uk - 545622

There are unique natural events and sights along the Severn. One famous event is the Severn bore. This is a large wave that travels up the river.

SevernBore1994
SevernBore1994

Some traditions link the deity Nodens to these waves. The river also passes through many historic settlements. You can see the high town of Bridgnort overlooking the water.

In Worcester, the cathedral stands tall over the river banks. The river remains a powerful force that connects the mountains to the sea.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Severnsource.jpg
Severnsource.jpg
File:Worcester cathedral night2.jpg
Worcester cathedral night2.jpg
File:High Town, Bridgnorth.jpg
High Town, Bridgnorth.jpg
File:ShrewsburyBridges.JPG
ShrewsburyBridges.JPG
File:UffingtonShropshire.JPG
UffingtonShropshire.JPG
File:TewkesburyFloods210707.jpg
TewkesburyFloods210707.jpg
File:St Twrog's Chapel ruins on Chapel Rock - geograph.org.uk - 545622.jpg
St Twrog's Chapel ruins on Chapel Rock -...
File:Severn Aerial.jpg
Severn Aerial.jpg
File:SevernBore1994.jpg
SevernBore1994.jpg
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