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River Thames

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The River Thames is a major waterway in southern England.

River Thames
River Thames

It is the longest river located entirely within England. The River Severn is the only river in the United Kingdom that is longer. The Thames flows through many famous places, including Oxford, Reading, and Windsor. It also drains the entire area of Greater London. The river eventually reaches the North Sea through the Thames Estuary. This estuary is located near Tilbury in Essex and Gravesend in Kent.

River Thames
River Thames

The river's journey begins at a specific point called Thames Head.

ThamesMarker
ThamesMarker

This source is located in Gloucestershire, near the town of Cirencester. Some people also suggest Seven Springs near Cheltenham is the source. This is because Seven Springs is the furthest point from the river's mouth. If you measure from Seven Springs, the river becomes longer than the Severn. The river flows from west to east across the landscape. As it moves, it drops 82 meters from Oxford to the estuary.

ThamesMarker
ThamesMarker

Water moves through the Thames in two distinct ways. In the upper reaches, the water is mostly fresh. However, the lower part of the river is known as the Tideway.

Thames tide
Thames tide

This section extends up to Teddington Lock. The Tideway is a tidal reach of the river. This means the sea causes the water to rise and fall. The water level can change significantly during these tidal shifts.

Thames tide
Thames tide

The river also contains over 80 islands within its course.

The history of the river's name is quite complex. The name likely comes from the Brittonic word Tamesas.

Le Pilier des Nautes 01
Le Pilier des Nautes 01

Some experts believe this name meant "dark" or "muddy." Latin records show the name as Tamesis. In the Middle Ages, it was written as Tamis or Temes.

London Stone, Staines 028
London Stone, Staines 028

A Roman potsherd found at Oxford even mentions a name related to the river. This provides evidence of how ancient people interacted with the water. Some historians believe the name Isis is just a shorter version of Tamesis.

Thames by Anne Seymour Damer
Thames by Anne Seymour Damer

Human activity has changed the river's appearance over many centuries. In the Roman era, the lower Thames was a shallow waterway. It wound through many marshy areas.

Much of the surrounding land, like the East End, was once marshland. These marshes were sometimes dangerous because they spread malaria.

Monster Soup commonly called Thames Water. Wellcome V0011218
Monster Soup commonly called Thames Water. Wellcome V0011218

Eventually, people drained these marshes to create farmland and cities. Today, the river flows between 200 miles of solid walls. This transformation has created a deep tidal canal for ships.

Fulham Railway Bridge 2
Fulham Railway Bridge 2

The Thames is a vital part of the local environment and economy. Its catchment area covers much of south-eastern England. The river is fed by at least 50 named tributaries.

Confluence of Rivers Thames and Brent - geograph.org.uk - 921332
Confluence of Rivers Thames and Brent - geograph.org.uk - 921332

Interestingly, the Thames has a relatively low discharge. This means the volume of water is low compared to its size. The River Severn has almost twice the discharge of the Thames. Even the River Tay in Scotland has double the discharge. Much of the Thames water is abstracted for drinking.

jubilee weir
jubilee weir

Today, the river serves many different purposes for people. It is a major maritime route for international trade. The Port of London handles much of this shipping.

Tower of london from swissre
Tower of london from swissre

The river is also used for recreation and sport. You can see rowing, sailing, and kayaking on the water.

Houseboats - Richmond, London, UK
Houseboats - Richmond, London, UK

Famous events include the Henley Royal Regatta and the Boat Race. The river also connects to other waters via canals. The Grand Union Canal links London to the Midlands.

Emirates Air Line towers 24 May 2012
Emirates Air Line towers 24 May 2012

This makes the Thames a central part of British life.

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🖼️ Images & Media (43)
File:Le Pilier des Nautes 01.JPG
Le Pilier des Nautes 01.JPG
File:Father Thames, St John's Lock, Lechlade.jpg
Father Thames, St John's Lock, Lechlade.jpg
File:Thames by Anne Seymour Damer.JPG
Thames by Anne Seymour Damer.JPG
File:ThamesMarker.JPG
ThamesMarker.JPG
File:Fulham Railway Bridge 2.jpg
Fulham Railway Bridge 2.jpg
File:Thames Panorama, London - June 2009.jpg
Thames Panorama, London - June 2009.jpg
File:River Thames.jpg
River Thames.jpg
File:jubilee weir.jpg
jubilee weir.jpg
File:St John's Lock and Lechlade in background.JPG
St John's Lock and Lechlade in background.JPG
File:River thames oxford.jpg
River thames oxford.jpg
File:London Stone, Staines 028.jpg
London Stone, Staines 028.jpg
File:Thames tide.jpg
Thames tide.jpg

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