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Ravi Shankar

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Pandit Ravi Shankar was a world-renowned Indian sitarist and composer.

Ravi Shankar 2009 crop
Ravi Shankar 2009 crop

He became the most famous exponent of Indian classical music during the second half of the 20th century. His work bridged the gap between Eastern and Western musical traditions. Shankar influenced countless musicians across the globe through his performances and teaching. He received many prestigious accolades for his contributions to art. These included the Bharat Ratna, which is India's highest civilian honor. He also won four Grammy Awards during his career.

Shankar's musical foundation began with a very different discipline. He was born in Benares in 1920 to a Bengali Hindu family. During his youth, he was a professional dancer. He toured Europe and the United States with his brother, Uday Shankar. These travels introduced him to French language and Western classical music. In 1938, he made a major life change. He decided to abandon dancing to pursue music. He began a rigorous seven-year study under the musician Allauddin Khan.

Ravi and Anoushka Shankar 2007
Ravi and Anoushka Shankar 2007

His training followed the traditional gurukul system. This system required him to live with his teacher's family. Under Khan's strict tutelage, Shankar mastered the sitar and the surbahar. He also studied several musical styles, such as dhrupad, dhamar, and khyal. These styles involve complex melodic patterns called ragas. He gained proficiency in other instruments like the rudra veena, rubab, and sursingar. In December 1939, he made his public debut. He performed a jugalbandi, which is a musical duet, with Ali Akbar Khan.

Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording for Pather Panchali
Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording for Pather Panchali

After completing his studies in 1944, Shankar held several important roles in India. He composed music for ballets with the Indian People's Theatre Association. He also served as the music director for All India Radio in New Delhi from 1949 to 1956. During this time, he founded the Indian National Orchestra. He experimented by combining Western and classical Indian instrumentation. He also composed famous scores for the Apu Trilogy by director Satyajit Ray. This work helped bring his musical talent to an international audience.

Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording for Pather Panchali
Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording for Pather Panchali

Shankar's international fame grew rapidly during the 1960s. He began touring Europe and America in 1956. He worked closely with the famous Western violinist Yehudi Menuhin. This collaboration led to the Grammy-winning album West Meets East. He also formed a significant friendship with George Harrison of the Beatles. This connection helped popularize Indian instruments in Western pop music. Shankar performed at major events like the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967.

Ravi Shankar flier front
Ravi Shankar flier front

He also performed at the Woodstock Festival in 1969.

Musicians Ravi Shankar and George Harrison in Los Angeles, Calif., 1967
Musicians Ravi Shankar and George Harrison in Los Angeles, Calif., 1967

In 1971, Shankar participated in the Concert for Bangladesh at Madison Square Garden. This event was a major musical moment in New York City. The live album from this concert became a best-selling recording for his genre. It earned him a second Grammy Award. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, he continued to engage Western audiences. He wrote concertos for the sitar and orchestra. One notable example was his work with the London Symphony Orchestra. He was even nominated for an Academy Award for his score for the film Gandhi in 1982.

Musicians Ravi Shankar and George Harrison in Los Angeles, Calif., 1967
Musicians Ravi Shankar and George Harrison in Los Angeles, Calif., 1967

Beyond his performances, Shankar was a dedicated educator and leader. He founded the Kinnara School of Music in Mumbai in 1962. He also opened a Western branch in Los Angeles in 1967. From 1986 to 1992, he served in the Rajya Sabha. This is the upper house of the Parliament of India. His musical legacy continues through his children. His daughter Anoushka Shankar is a talented sitar player. His daughter Norah Jones is a successful American singer. Shankar performed consistently until his death in 2012.

Ravi and Anoushka Shankar 2007
Ravi and Anoushka Shankar 2007
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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording for Pather Panchali.jpg
Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording...
File:Ravi Shankar flier front.jpg
Ravi Shankar flier front.jpg
File:Ravi and Anoushka Shankar 2007.jpg
Ravi and Anoushka Shankar 2007.jpg
File:Musicians Ravi Shankar and George Harrison in Los Angeles, Calif., 1967.jpg
Musicians Ravi Shankar and George...
Ravi Shankar - Madhuvanti.ogv
File:Ravi Shankar 2009 crop.jpg
Ravi Shankar 2009 crop.jpg
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