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Rake (tool)

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A rake is a versatile tool used for outdoor work and horticulture.

Wooden rake
Wooden rake

It functions much like a broom, but it is designed for use on the ground. The tool typically consists of a handle and a bar with teeth, which are also called tines. These tines are fixed transversely to the handle. Rakes are used to collect materials like leaves, hay, and grass. In gardening, they are used to loosen soil, perform light weeding, and create furrows or mounds. They are also essential for leveling ground and removing dead grass from lawns.

GrassRake
GrassRake

Because they serve so many different purposes, their materials and forms vary greatly.

The way a rake works depends on its specific design and the task at hand. A leaf rake uses long, flat teeth that are bent into an L-shape. These teeth fan out from the attachment point to provide flexibility. This allows the teeth to conform to the terrain while remaining light to prevent damage to vegetation. In contrast, a garden rake uses stiff steel teeth. These teeth are designed to withstand heavy forces like bending and abrasion.

SoilRake
SoilRake

A bow rake is a specialized subset of the garden rake. It uses a bow-shaped extension to separate the handle from the bar. This design allows the user to use the flat back of the bar for scraping or leveling. Some bow rakes even feature a second set of differently shaped teeth on the back.

Different types of rakes are engineered for specific environments and materials. Plastic rakes are lightweight and inexpensive. Because they can be made in very wide dimensions, they are ideal for gathering recently fallen leaves. Metal tined rakes are better for spring raking. This is because metal tines can penetrate the thatch layer to collect wet or rotting debris.

Hand Rakes made of Steel
Hand Rakes made of Steel

Landscaping rakes are much larger than traditional versions. They have heads measuring between 30 and 38 inches wide to smooth extensive areas of earth. Stone rakes are slightly narrower, with heads ranging from 18 to 28 inches. They are constructed from steel or aluminum and sit at a 90-degree angle to the handle.

Specialized rakes exist to solve very specific problems in lawn care and construction. A thatch rake is designed to remove the organic layer between the lawn and the soil. This layer is called thatch. If thatch becomes 1/4-inch thick or thicker, it can block sunlight and air from reaching the grass. This can lead to lawn diseases. A thatch rake has sharp blades on both sides of the head to break up and remove this layer. In construction, a concrete rake is used for spreading and smoothing wet concrete. It features a flat edge for leveling and a curved side for scooping.

Rakes have a very long history of human use. Archeological evidence shows rakes were used as far back as 1100 B.C. in China. These early models used wooden tines attached to wooden handles.

Garden rake made from turned pear tree wood, made 1560, Rustkammer Museum, Dresden
Garden rake made from turned pear tree wood, made 1560, Rustkammer Museum, Dresden

Designs similar to modern rakes appeared in the 16th century in the novel *Journey to the West*. In 1874, Edmund Brown patented a garden rake described as an automatically clearing attachment. In 1905, Richard Franklin Lawson invented an experimental tool that combined a rake and a snow shovel. The modern metal rake with prongs similar to today's versions was created by Camille J. Rocquin in 1929. Plastic rakes did not begin to appear until the 1970s.

Rakes also hold interesting places in culture and folklore. In many slapstick comedies and cartoons, a character might step on a rake with the teeth facing up. This causes the handle to swing up and hit them in the face. In Japan, the *Kumade*, or "bear hand," is a decorated handheld rake. These are sold during the *Tori-no-Ichi* markets in November. They are believed to rake in good fortune and rake out bad fortune. In Chinese literature, the character Zhu Bajie uses a "nine-toothed rake" as a weapon. These examples show how a simple tool can become a symbol in many different ways.

Beyond simple gardening, rakes are part of larger mechanical systems. In farming, large mechanized versions are called hay rakes. These can include star-wheel rakes or rotary rakes. Rakes can even be a mechanical component inside a threshing machine. They are also used in specialized fields like fire prevention through the use of fire rakes. These heavy-duty tools can even be used to cut roots. From small handheld tools to massive farm machinery, the rake remains a fundamental tool for managing the physical world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Garden rake made from turned pear tree wood, made 1560, Rustkammer Museum, Dresden.jpg
Garden rake made from turned pear tree...
File:Wooden rake.jpg
Wooden rake.jpg
File:SoilRake.jpg
SoilRake.jpg
File:GrassRake.jpg
GrassRake.jpg
File:Hand Rakes made of Steel.jpg
Hand Rakes made of Steel.jpg
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