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Radovan Karadžić

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Radovan Karadžić was a prominent Bosnian Serb politician and psychiatrist. He served as the first president of Republika Srpska from 1992 to 1996. This period coincided with the Bosnian War, a major conflict in the Balkans. Karadžić is primarily known for his leadership during this war. He was later convicted of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. These charges were brought by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, or ICTY. The ICTY is a special court established to judge those responsible for serious crimes during the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia.

Karadžić's early life began in the village of Petnjica in Montenegro. He was born on June 19, 1945, to a Serb family. His father, Vuko, worked as a cobbler. His mother, Jovanka, was a peasant girl from Pljevlja. Karadžić moved to Sarajevo in 1960 to pursue medical studies. He attended the Sarajevo University School of Medicine to become a psychiatrist. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in mental health. He later expanded his medical knowledge through training in Denmark and at Columbia University in New York.

Radovan Karadžić 1984 arrest
Radovan Karadžić 1984 arrest

Before entering politics, Karadžić faced legal issues involving financial crimes. In 1983, he began working at a hospital in the Belgrade suburb of Voždovac. In 1984, he and a partner, Momčilo Krajišnik, were arrested for fraud. They were accused of using an agricultural loan to build private houses in the town of Pale. A court sentenced Karadžić to three years in prison in 1985 for embezzlement and fraud. However, he did not serve the full sentence because he had already spent one year in detention.

Radovan Karadžić 1984 arrest
Radovan Karadžić 1984 arrest

His political career began in 1989 when he co-founded the Serb Democratic Party (SDS). This party aimed to unify Bosnian Serbs and maintain their place within Yugoslavia. The SDS worked to establish "Serb Autonomous Regions" across Bosnia and Herzegovina. In early 1992, the Bosnian Serb Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This new state sought to remain part of the federal Yugoslav state. Shortly after, in May 1992, Karadžić was elected president of Republika Srpska. In this role, he held significant authority over the military and its officers.

During the Bosnian War, Karadžić exercised immense power as the Supreme Commander of the Bosnian Serb armed forces. The ICTY later accused him of personal and command responsibility for many atrocities. These included the Siege of Sarajevo and the 1995 Srebrenica genocide. The genocide in Srebrenica involved the deaths of more than 7,500 Bosniaks. Karadžić was also accused of ordering the taking of United Nations personnel as hostages. Because of these serious allegations, the United States government offered a $5 million reward for his arrest.

Initial appearance Radovan Karadžić at his trial - 31 July 2008
Initial appearance Radovan Karadžić at his trial - 31 July 2008

Karadžić became a fugitive in 1996 after the ICTY issued an indictment against him. For over a decade, he evaded capture by living under an alias. During this time, he worked at a private clinic in Belgrade specializing in psychology and alternative medicine. His ability to hide increased his reputation among some Bosnian Serbs. However, authorities eventually located him in Belgrade in 2008. He was arrested and extradited to the Netherlands to face the ICTY in Scheveningen.

Initial appearance Radovan Karadžić at his trial - 31 July 2008
Initial appearance Radovan Karadžić at his trial - 31 July 2008

At his trial, Karadžić faced 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. In 2016, the tribunal found him guilty of 10 of those 11 charges. This included the genocide in Srebrenica and various crimes against civilians. Initially, he was sentenced to 40 years in prison. Karadžić filed an appeal against this conviction, but the court rejected it in 2019. The judges then increased his sentence to life imprisonment. He is currently serving his sentence at HMP Parkhurst on the Isle of Wight in Britain. His case remains a significant part of international law regarding war crimes and genocide.

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Initial appearance Radovan Karadžić at...
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