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Radius (bone)

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The radius is one of two large bones in your forearm.

Full Anterior View of Right Radius
Full Anterior View of Right Radius

The other bone is called the ulna. The radius runs from the outside of your elbow to the thumb side of your wrist. While the ulna is longer, the radius is actually the thicker bone. It has a prism shape, which means it has flat sides and sharp edges. It also has a slight curve along its length. This bone is very important for how your arm moves.

Full Lateral View of Right Radius
Full Lateral View of Right Radius

This bone works by connecting to several other parts of your body. At the elbow, the radius joins with a part of the humerus called the capitulum. It also meets the ulna at a spot called the radial notch. The radius is part of three different joints. These include the elbow and the wrist, which are synovial joints. It also forms a syndesmosis joint with the ulna. This special connection allows you to perform supination and pronation. These are the ways you turn your palm up or down.

Full Posterior View of Right Radius
Full Posterior View of Right Radius

The name of this bone comes from a long time ago. The word radius is Latin for "ray." This name was chosen because the bone acts like the radius of a circle. When you move your arm, the radius rotates around the ulna. The ulna stays still like the center point of a circle. The distance from the ulna to the edge of the radius is like the radius of a circle. This helps explain how the bones move together during rotation.

Full Medial View of Right Radius
Full Medial View of Right Radius

Your radius grows in a very specific way as you get older. It starts growing from three different centers. One center forms the main body of the bone. This begins during the eighth week of life before you are even born. Another center forms the lower end between 9 and 26 months of age. The center for the upper end appears by your fifth year. The top part of the bone fuses with the body around age seventeen or eighteen. The bottom part finishes growing around age twenty.

Human radius
Human radius

Many different muscles use the radius to help your arm work. For example, the biceps muscle attaches to a bump called the radial tuberosity. This is located near the top of the bone. Other muscles, like the supinator, attach to the upper part of the body. Some muscles attach to the middle, while others attach to the lower part. Even the tendons of your hand muscles run through grooves in the bone. Sometimes, the radius can suffer from a fracture. Doctors look for signs like the "sail sign" to see if a bone is hurt.

Forearm fracture - Radius fracture 2 -- Smart-Servier
Forearm fracture - Radius fracture 2 -- Smart-Servier
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
Human radius.stl
File:Full Anterior View of Right Radius.png
Full Anterior View of Right Radius.png
File:Full Posterior View of Right Radius.png
Full Posterior View of Right Radius.png
File:Full Medial View of Right Radius.png
Full Medial View of Right Radius.png
File:Full Lateral View of Right Radius.png
Full Lateral View of Right Radius.png
File:Pradialheadfrac.png
Pradialheadfrac.png
File:Forearm fracture - Radius fracture 2 -- Smart-Servier.png
Forearm fracture - Radius fracture 2 --...
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