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Råbjerg Mile

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Råbjerg Mile is a massive migrating coastal dune located in Denmark. It sits between the towns of Skagen and Frederikshavn. This site is the largest moving dune found in Northern Europe. It is also the only major stretch of migrating dunes in the entire country. The dune contains a total volume of 4 million cubic meters of sand.

Raabjerg-Mile Soe(Matthias Schalk)
Raabjerg-Mile Soe(Matthias Schalk)

The movement of the dune is driven by the wind. Each year, the wind pushes the sand in a north-easterly direction. This constant motion causes the dune to travel across the landscape. As the dune moves forward, it leaves a specific trail behind it. This trail consists of a low and moist layer of sand. This wet sand stretches back towards the west toward the Skagerrak. The dune originally formed in that area more than 300 years ago.

Råbjerg mile kort
Råbjerg mile kort

In the past, shifting dunes were a major problem for people in northern Jutland. During the 16th and 17th centuries, dunes moved deep into the land. These huge dunes drove local populations away from coastal areas. One famous example of this power is the Sand-Covered Church. This large church was built in the late 14th century. It was dedicated to Saint Lawrence of Rome. By the 18th century, the sand had almost entirely enveloped the building.

Skagens tilsandede kirke
Skagens tilsandede kirke

The sand eventually overtook the church completely. By the year 1795, the building was abandoned to the sands. Workers eventually demolished the main building of the church. Today, only the church tower remains standing. It is still visible above the surface of the sand. This serves as a reminder of how much the landscape can change.

Skagens tilsandede kirke
Skagens tilsandede kirke

The Danish government took action to stop sand drift in the 19th century. They passed the Sand Drift Act in 1857. This law allowed the state to buy or expropriate areas of sand drift. Another Act in 1857 allowed the purchase of areas next to the drifts. After 1880, plantations became very common. People planted dune grasses and conifers to stabilize the moving sands. These efforts helped bring the dune drifts under control by the 1950s.

Råbjerg mile kort
Råbjerg mile kort

While most dunes were stabilized, the Råbjerg Mile was treated differently. Leaders decided to leave it alone so future generations could study sand drift. The state purchased the central area of the Mile in 1900. Later, the Conservation of Nature Act of 1917 allowed for more land to be bought. Currently, the dune is drifting out of the government-owned territory. Because of this, people are discussing new conservation legislation.

Råbjerg mile kort
Råbjerg mile kort

Today, the area is a very important site for many types of wildlife. It serves as an international staging site for migrating raptors. It is also a breeding ground for specific bird species. You can find the Eurasian golden plover, known scientifically as Pluvialis apricaria, nesting here. The wood sandpiper, or Tringa glareola, also uses the area. More than 250,000 people visit the dune every single year to see it.

Raabjerg-Mile Soe(Matthias Schalk)
Raabjerg-Mile Soe(Matthias Schalk)
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File:Raabjerg-Mile Soe(Matthias Schalk).jpg
Raabjerg-Mile Soe(Matthias Schalk).jpg
File:Skagens_tilsandede_kirke.jpg
Skagens_tilsandede_kirke.jpg
File:Råbjerg mile kort.jpg
Råbjerg mile kort.jpg
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