Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Isle of Skye

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Isle of Skye is the largest and northernmost major island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.

Isle of Skye UK relief location map labels
Isle of Skye UK relief location map labels

It is located within the historic county of Inverness-shire and is managed by the Highland Council. The island is famous for its dramatic landscapes and rugged mountain scenery. Its geography is defined by several peninsulas that radiate from a central mountainous hub. This hub is dominated by the Cuillin mountains, which provide some of the most challenging terrain in the country.

Blaven across Loch Slapin - geograph.org.uk - 307916
Blaven across Loch Slapin - geograph.org.uk - 307916

The Cuillin mountains are divided into two distinct geological groups. The Black Cuillin are composed mainly of basalt and gabbro. This range includes 12 Munros, which are mountains over 3,000 feet high. The Black Cuillin offer some of the most difficult climbing in Britain. The Inaccessible Pinnacle is the only peak in Scotland that requires technical climbing skills to reach the summit.

Am basteir
Am basteir

In contrast, the Red Hills, or Red Cuillin, sit to the east. These hills are made of granite. Because of this, they have weathered into more rounded shapes with long scree slopes. The highest point in the Red Hills is Glamaig, which is one of only two Corbetts on the island.

Other parts of the island feature unique rock formations caused by different types of bedrock. The northern Trotternish peninsula sits on basalt. This creates rich soils and unusual structures like Kilt Rock. The cliffs at Kilt Rock have a columnar structure that resembles the pleats of a kilt.

River Rha waterfall, Isle of Skye
River Rha waterfall, Isle of Skye

Further south on this peninsula, you can find the Quiraing and the rock pillar known as the Old Man of Storr.

Needle Rock at the Storr - geograph.org.uk - 779845
Needle Rock at the Storr - geograph.org.uk - 779845

The Waternish peninsula features a double rock arch at Ardmore Point. The Duirinish peninsula is ringed by high sea cliffs. On the southern side, the bedrock of Sleat is made of Torridonian sandstone. This stone produces boggy ground and poor soils, though some sheltered areas allow for lush hedgerows.

Skye has a very long history of human occupation. People have lived on the island since the late Upper Palaeolithic period. Over many centuries, various groups have called Skye home. These include Celtic tribes like the Picts and the Gaels. Scandinavian Vikings also lived there, eventually forming powerful Norse-Gael clans like the MacDonalds and MacLeods. For a long time, the island was under Norwegian suzerainty. This changed in 1266 following the Treaty of Perth, which transferred control to Scotland.

Blaeu - Atlas of Scotland 1654 - SKIA - The Isle of Skye
Blaeu - Atlas of Scotland 1654 - SKIA - The Isle of Skye

Later, the 18th-century Jacobite risings led to the end of the clan system. This period also brought the Highland clearances, where communities were replaced by sheep farms. These events caused many people to undergo forced emigration to distant lands.

The population of the island has changed significantly over time. In the early 19th century, more than 20,000 people lived on Skye. By the final decade of the 20th century, the number had dropped to just under 9,000. However, the population began to grow again recently, increasing by 4% between 1991 and 2001. Today, many residents live in crofting townships along the coast. Portree is the island's largest settlement and its capital.

Skye-Portree-arjecahn
Skye-Portree-arjecahn

It is a service centre with a picturesque harbour, hotels, and shops. Other notable locations include Broadford, which has the island's only airstrip, and Dunvegan, which is known for its castle.

Dunvegan Castle3
Dunvegan Castle3

Skye is also a place of great scientific importance due to its fossil record. The Trotternish peninsula contains Middle Jurassic aged rocks that are about 174 to 166 million years old. These rocks have revealed the history of dinosaurs living on the island. In 1982, the first scientifically described dinosaur footprint was discovered there. Researchers have found footprints and bones from many different types of dinosaurs. These include large sauropods, theropods, and thyreophorans.

Sauropod track at Duntulm
Sauropod track at Duntulm

Evidence of stegosaurs has also been noted in tracks at Brother's Point. These fossils are protected by the Skye Nature Conservation Order 2019.

The island's environment is shaped by a mild oceanic climate. This is caused by the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. The weather is generally wet, windy, and cool. Rainfall is often very high, especially in the elevated Cuillin mountains. The winds can be very strong, particularly on the exposed coasts of Waternish and Trotternish. Despite the wind, the climate stays relatively mild. Snow rarely stays at sea level, and frosts are less common than on the Scottish mainland. This environment supports wildlife such as red deer, golden eagles, and Atlantic salmon.

731 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Isle of Skye UK relief location map labels.jpg
Isle of Skye UK relief location map labels.jpg
File:Blaven across Loch Slapin - geograph.org.uk - 307916.jpg
Blaven across Loch Slapin -...
File:River Rha waterfall, Isle of Skye.jpg
River Rha waterfall, Isle of Skye.jpg
File:Am basteir.jpg
Am basteir.jpg
File:Sauropod track at Duntulm.jpg
Sauropod track at Duntulm.jpg
File:Skye-Portree-arjecahn.jpg
Skye-Portree-arjecahn.jpg
File:Rubha an Dùnain 5.jpg
Rubha an Dùnain 5.jpg
File:Blaeu - Atlas of Scotland 1654 - SKIA - The Isle of Skye.jpg
Blaeu - Atlas of Scotland 1654 - SKIA -...
File:Dunvegan Castle3.jpg
Dunvegan Castle3.jpg
File:Charles Peter Kennedy.jpg
Charles Peter Kennedy.jpg
File:Caisteal Moil - geograph.org.uk - 2776.jpg
Caisteal Moil - geograph.org.uk - 2776.jpg
File:2018 07 15 Schottland (84).jpg
2018 07 15 Schottland (84).jpg

+ 8 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.